(4c) Leisure and travel Flashcards
By 1925, how many working-class workers had access to paid holidays and bank holidays as a result of Liberal and Labour social reforms?
1.5 million
what were some of these Industries that boomed due to the increase of tourism?
Accommodation
Boarding schools
Camps
Other customer service based businesses.
What was the shift in ideas in society - typically in working class?
there was a shift away from older, more collectivist ideas (especially in the case of the working class) to more aspirant and individualistic values.
in 1936, how many people did coaches transport people to rural parts of Britain?
82 million
By 1939, how many cars were on the road?
2 million
What are some of the popular destinations to travel to for caravaners, campers and hikers?
Scotland, Lake District, North Wales
How many people visited the Lake District in the 1930s per year?
72,000 people per year
How were cheap hiking holidays made easier in the 1930s?
With the growth in Youth Hostel Accommodation.
What made it easier for people to stay at the seaside?
What made it easier for people to stay at the seaside?
The increase in boarding houses.
By the 1920s, how many boarding houses were there in Blackpool?
4,000
Who were usually the people running boarding houses?
spinsters’ or widows.
Who created the idea of Butlins and where did his idea originate from?
Billy Butlins from Canada
What did Butlins ‘promise’?
What did Butlins ‘promise’?
‘a week’s holiday for a week’s wage’
What decade did the Butlin’s start to decline?
1970s
By 1979, how was holiday money spent mostly in Briton?
Overseas holidays became extremely popular.
What are some overseas countries that became extremely popular to the British?
Benidorm, Mallorca.
How much did the percentage of Britains travelling to the Mediterranean increase by between 1968-1971?
4% - 8%
What % of workers were not provided with holiday pay?
25%
What % of workers were offered 2-3 days paid holiday?
60%
How many middle class people took holidays around this time?
1/3
Before 1918, tourism was something that was only enjoyed by the ____?
Before 1918, tourism was something that was only enjoyed by the ____?
Upper class
What were some popular sailing destinations in Britain?
Norfolk Broads
Whitby bay in the North England was a popular beach destination.
Give some examples of travel developments
- The Mersey Tunnel
- The M1
- The Great North Road
When was the Mersey Tunnel constructed?
1934
When was the M1 constructed?
1959
What is the history of the Phoenix Trail in Thame?
It used to be a railway line before the Beeching Axe of 1963
How did international travel change between 1955-70?
1 million passengers in 1955
14 million by 1970
How did travel methods change in the 1920s & 30s?
There was a dramatic shift away from horse-drawn carriages
Rapid decline in tram usage - town & city councils switched to buses instead
How did the amount of horse-drawn carriages change in the 1920s & 30s in Britain?
1923 - over 200,000
1937 - 12,000
By 1934 how many cars were there on British roads?
Nearly 2.5 million
Half were privately owned
What was the pricing of cars like in the 1920s?
They were very expensive - far beyond anything most families could afford
The Rover 10/25 cost £250 (approx. £11,000 today)
What was the pricing of cars like in the 1920s?
Car prices fell considerably
An Austin Seven cost £125 & the Morris Minor SV was the first £100 car
What was car ownership like in the 1930s?
It was overwhelmingly to preserve the middle classes - the prices were affordable to the middle class
However second hand sellers would sell cars for £40 and £70 for those who couldn’t afford new ones
How did some working class families get around the high prices of cars in the 1930s?
Several families would form syndicates where they shared the cost & usage of the car
What was the 1930 Road Traffic Act?
It removed speed limits from all but the most dangerous stretches of road
The normal 20mph speed limit was almost unenforcable
What did the 1930 Road Traffic Act include?
- Compulsory third party insurance
- The Highway Code
- Powers for local authorities to control traffic with traffic lights, roundabouts & one-way streets
When was the Great North Road built?
Finished in 1939
How did car ownership in the 1930s affect the building of roads?
It led to Britian’s road network expanding
FINISH THIS CARD
What were the sports that were growing in popularity from the 1920’s?
Football, rugby, cricket
How did radio effect Spectator sports?
Radio being able to broadcast outside from the 1920s onwards. This built interest and excitement around organised sport. Instead of reducing the amount of people wanting to watch matches, it actually increased attendance.
How did need for a distraction effect spectator sports?
A need for distraction, beginning in the 1930s, it was clear that the economic hardship of the country meant that people needed an escape. This cultural idea of sport being the “most important of the least important things” is now embedded in British culture.
How did cheap stadia effect spectator sports?
What event changed this?
Cheap stadia. Before the Hillsborough disaster in the 1980s, football stadiums had been able to “cram people in”. The record figure for people at one match was 118,567 at Ibrox in Glasgow. Today, Ibrox’s capacity is 50,817.
How did the growth of TV effect spectator sports?
How many viewers did the World Cup 1966 final get?
with the advent of television and the rise in television ownership in the 1950s, it developed fandom but also made it aspirational to attend a game in the flesh. Developments in technology educated people in sport. Events like the Olympics and the World Cup in football were beamed into people’s homes.
The 1966 World Cup Final received 32 million viewers.
How did youth culture effect sports?
When did this become an issue?
Youth culture. Sadly, some groups saw spectator sport as the perfect opportunity to mix and get excitement from violence and hooliganism. This became an issue from the 1960s onwards.
The development of a national sporting culture led the government to increase…
spending in sport in the 1960s and 1970s. The government developed the Sports Council of Great Britain in 1972.
What did sport become linked to?
Sport became linked to the Public Health strategy of the country and was more of the soft move towards more focus on preventative health measures as a way of taking pressure off the NHS, which by the 1970s was clearly a victim of its own success.
By the end of the first decade of the 21st century, sport contributed what to the UK’s GDP?
2% of the UK’s GDP.
What issues did Spectator sport help shed light on?
Spectator sport helped shed light on issues in British society such as racism. The reception some black players such as John Barnes and Cyrille Regis received led to open discussions about racism and some gradual social changes in what was acceptable behaviour.
How did sport effect class?
Sport played a role in breaking down class barriers. Spectator sports led to the growth of sports stars and many footballers in particular came from working class backgrounds.
