4A - Psych-Soc Dev Chdhd

Question 1

Psychoanalytic (or psychodynamic) Theory:

Answer 1

Human problems result from unresolved and unconscious conflict between id, ego and superego. Sigmund Freud

Question 2

Said, human behavior/personality comes from “Deep in the unconscious mind… repressed memories from childhoo

Answer 2

Sigmund Freud

Question 3

Defense Mechanisms•Way the unconscious protects the conscious

Answer 3

Repression- Projection–Denial- Reaction Formation–Displacement - Sublimation

Question 4

Psychoanalytic Theory: (cont.)–Aspects of Personality:

Answer 4

Id, Ego, Superego

Question 5

Tension Theory:

Answer 5

Id is selfish, impulsive, and sexually aggressive•Super-ego holds values and mores of society and social living – is at conflict with the id•Conflict between parts creates tension, anxiety•The Ego tries to make sense of and mediate these conflicts (the “manager” or “parent”)

Question 6

5 Stages of Psychosexual Development:

Answer 6

1) Oral Stage (infant-18 months)
–2) Anal Stage (18-36 months)
–3) Phallic Stage (3-6 years)
–4) Latency Stage (6 years- puberty)
–5)GenitalStage (puberty years)

Question 7

Oral Stage infant-18 months)

Answer 7

Focused on pleasure related to putting things in the mouth: taste, texture, sucking stimulation, etc.

Question 8

Anal Stage (18-36 months)

Answer 8

Focusedonpottyandelimination-relatedactivities–Obsessed with their body outputs and the elimination or not, of them

Question 9

Phallic Stage (3-6 years

Answer 9

Focused on and perhaps obsessed with their genetalia–“Discover” their body parts–Explains why kids “play” with their privates. Postulatesthe Oedipus and Electra complexes

Question 10

Latency Stage (6 years- puberty

Answer 10

The“QuietYears” developmentally–Into friends, social interaction; prefer same-gender friends more than other; seek gender role models

Question 11

Genital Stage (teen years, puberty onset)

Answer 11

Focus on relations with the gender of their sexual desires–Focus on sexual pleasure and exploration –Could this explain issues related to pornography, “sexting, ” even sexual exploitation of younger sibs

Question 12

Behavioral Theory:

Answer 12

Pioneered by B.F. Skinner

Question 13

“Enough of this unconscious motivation mumbo jumbo. Just observe behavior. We behave the way we’re trained to behave. There’s no choice in it”

Answer 13

B.F. Skinner

Question 14

Had huge influence on modern social work, by emphasizing the role of the environment and ways to learn/change behavior

Answer 14

Behavioral Theory

Question 15

Types of Learning/Reinforcement:

Answer 15

Classical or Operant Conditioning – learned response•Reinforcement – encourages behavior•Punishment – discourages behavior•“Schedules of reinforcement” (see ch. 4 of your book)–Interval, variable, consistent,

Question 16

Basis of Social Learning Theory

Answer 16

Emphasized the role of social interactions and observation in learningModeling

Question 17

Extinction Burst

Answer 17

Gets worse before it gets better

Question 18

Key aspects of Behavioral Therapy:

Answer 18

Problems exist from undesirable behaviors getting learnedor reinforced, instead of good ones •Attention given to what is not wanted

Question 19

Goals of Behavioral Therapy:

Answer 19

Eliminatethereinforcement of undesirable behaviors and promote the learning and reinforcement of desirable ones

Question 20

Key Steps of Behavioral Therapy: Behavioral Modification

Answer 20

1) Clearly identify the problems that are present in the person’s social environment
–2) Identify clear goals that are behaviorally trackable and measurable•Determineifyourextinguishing negative behaviors or building/promoting positive behaviors (or both)
–3) Assess for what stimuli or factors are reinforcing the negative behaviors and which ones are needed to build/promote positive ones•Example: Stimulus/Response logs
–4) Develop and implement a behavior modification plan:•Examples:Token economy,sticker charts, etc.
–5) Evaluate the plan through continued tracking
–6) Revise and reassess the plan as needed until success

Question 21

Existentialism:

Answer 21

Viktor Frankl–Emphasis on questions of “being” rather than problem-solving. Empower one to choose their path and meaning

Question 22

Person-Centered Theory:

Answer 22

Carll Rogers

Question 23

Key Aspects of Person Centered Theory

Answer 23

positive view of human growth and potential•Phenomenological view (subjective experience)•Key concept: self-actualization–Self-fulfilled–Free from external influence (proactive vs. reactive)–Social, cooperative, –Creative, self-directed

Question 24

Person-Centered Therapy

Answer 24

Key focus is on changing clients’ emotional experiences and allowing them to remove the emotional barriers the keep them from growth

Question 25

Key Pillars of Person-Centered Therapy Relationship:

Answer 25

a) Congruence (must be a “real” person) b) Empathy c) Unconditional Positive Regard

Question 26

Feminist Psychology

Answer 26

Takesapost-modernview of the world(everything is subjective and socially-constructed at a certain leve