49. Congenital skin diseases in dogs and cats. Principles of treatment strategies of skin disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Congenital skin diseases ( Alopecia)?

A

Congenital Skin Diseases

ALOPECIA

Hypotrichosis congita

Generalised

Breeds selected for alopecia: Abyssinian dog; African sand dog

Pathological alopecia: Belgian shepherd; Whippet; Beagle;

Basset hound; Bichon Frisé

Hypotrichosis: Cats: Devon rex; Siamese

Black hair follicle dysplasia

Predisposed: Bearded collie; Dachshund; Papillon; Basset

Clinical signs:

Occur from 4 weeks old

§ Hairs fall out

§ Ø Hair growth

§ Scaling skin

Colour mutant alopecia

“Blue Doberman syndrome”; “Blue dog disease”

Predisposed: Red & beige Doberman; Fawn Irish setter

Clinical signs

Occur from 1-3 years old

§ “Moth-eaten” alopecia on the back

§ Scaling skin

§ Papule formation

Diagnosis: Skin biopsy (showing cystic follicles with keratin)

Pattern alopecia

Predisposed: Dachshund

Clinical signs

§ Bilateral alopecia of the pinnae (in males)

§ Ventral alopecia (in females)

Does not respond to treatment

Melanoderma & alopecia of Yorkshire terriers

Clinical signs

Occur from 6 months – 3 years; Seen on the nose & legs

§ Melanoderma

§ Alopecia

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2
Q

Congenital Pigmentation defects?

A

CONGENITAL PIGMENTATION DEFECTS

Hereditary vitiligo

Predisposed: German Shepherd; Belgian Shepherd; Rottweiler;

Doberman; Old English Sheepdog; Dachshund

Clinical signs: Hypopigmentation of the nose, lip, buccal
mucosa, facial skin, footpads & nails.
Canine cyclic haematopoiesis
Grey collie syndrome; Fatal
Clinical signs
Occur at 6-12 weeks old
§ Non-regenerative anaemia § Pyrexia
§ Lymphadenopathy § Diarrhoea
§ Arthralgia
Tyrosinase deficiency in chow-chows
Caused by impaired synthesis of melanin
Predisposed: Puppies
Clinical signs
§ Pink tongue
§ Hair shafts turn white (these recover spontaneously)

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3
Q

Abnormalities of structural integrity?

A

ABNORMALITIES OF STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY

Aplasia cutis

Epitheliogenesis imperfecta

Caused by focal absence of epithelium

Clinical sign: Ulcer-like lesions

May or may not be fatal (mild cases may heal)

Cutaneous asthenia

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome; Rubber puppy disease; Fibrodysplasia

elastica

Caused by dysplasia of collagen

Predisposed: Beagle; Dachshund; Boxer; St. Bernard; German

Shepherd; Doberman; Himalayan cat; Domestic short hair cat

Clinical signs

§ Joint hyperflexibility § Poor healing

§ Velvet-like skin § Multiple scars

§ Highly flexible skin § Vasopathies

§ Tearable skin (Ø bleeding) § Soft skin

§ Cardiac valve disorders

Dermatomyositis

Predisposed: Rough collies; Shetland sheepdogs

Clinical signs

Occur at 3 months old

§ Papule* § Bony prominences on feet

§ Vesicles* § Muscle atrophy

§ Pustules* § Crusts*

*Found on the nose, eyes, pinnae & tail

Canine ichthyosis

Fish skin disease

Clinical signs: Hyperkeratosis on skin & foot pads

Treatment: Anti-seborrheic & keratolytic ointment

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4
Q

Other diseases?

A

OTHER DISEASES

§ Zinc-responsive dermatosis in husky & malamutes

§ Schnauzer Comedy syndrome (male Schnauzer)

§ Sebaceous adenitis (Vizsla; Akita; Samoyed; Poodle)

§ Acanthosis nigricans in Dachshund

§ Primary idiopathic seborrhoea

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5
Q

Systemic antihistamines?

A

Principles Of Treatment Strategies In Skin Disorders

Dermatological therapy can be divided into topical & systemic therapy

SYSTEMIC ANTIHISTAMINES

May be used as antipruritic or anti-inflammatory agents in skin

disorders

§ Hydroxyzine

§ Chlorpheniramine

§ Cetirizine

§ Astemizole

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6
Q

Treating Autoimmune skin diseases?

A

TREATING AUTOIMMUNE SKIN DISEASES

In cases such as pemphigus foliaceus & systemic lupus

erythematosus (SLE)

The goal of this treatment is immunosuppression

Dog

§ Prednisolone PO + Azathioprine

§ Supplemental antibiotics as required

Cat

§ Prednisolone only

§ Cyclosporine only

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7
Q

Topical drugs?

A

TOPICAL DRUGS

Medical shampoos & solution

Kerato-modulating agents:

Used for kerato-seborrhoea; Infection

§ Salicylic acid § Coal tar

§ Selenium disulphide § Sulphur

§ Ammonium acetate

Anti-seborrheic agents:

§ Selenium disulphide § Vit. B6

§ Benzoyl-peroxide § Sulphur

§ Zinc gluconate

Antiseptic agents:

§ Chlorhexidine

§ Ketoconazole

§ Miconazole

Topical anti-inflammatories

Emulsion; Spray; Solution; Ointment; Cream; Gel; Wipes

§ Glucocorticoid

§ Neomycin + Prednisolone

§ Tacrolimus

§ Antioxidant (Vit. E)

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