14. Infectious enteritis in dogs and cats Flashcards

1
Q

Pathogens ?

A
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2
Q

Canine parvoviral enteritis?

A

CANINE PARVOVIRAL ENTERITIS (CPV)

CPV-2 → Also infects cats

Young, unvaccinated puppies (6 weeks – 6 months old)

Predisposed: Staffordshire terrier; Labrador

Usually acute & severe; Highly contagious

Targets rapidly dividing cells

Clinical signs

§ Profuse, bloody/fetid diarrhoea § Lethargy

§ Vomiting § Fever

§ Dehydration § Anorexia

May be followed by sepsis, endotoxemia, DIC, icterus or sudden
death
Diagnosis
§ Definitive dx: Faecal ELISA (PCR)
§ History/CSx
§ Lab. D: Neutropenia; Anaemia; ↓ K; ↓ Glucose; ↓ TP
§ Abdominal US: Intussusception; Paralytic ileus
§ Faecal analysis: Concurrent parasitic/bacterial infection
Treatment
§ Isolation
§ Supportive therapy: Adsorbent; Mirtazapine; Vitamins
§ Aggressive IVFT: Correct any fluid deficit
§ IV Abx: Wide spec.; Prevent bacterial translocation
§ Gastric protectants
§ Antiemetics
§ Enteral feeding
§ Analgesics

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3
Q

Feline Panleukopenia(feline parvovirus)?

A

FELINE PANLEUKOPENIA (FELINE PARVOVIRUS)

FPV is distinct from CPV-2

Highly contagious; High mortality

Clinical signs

§ Anorexia § Haemorrhagic diarrhoea

§ Fever § Thick, painful intestines

§ Depression § Oral ulceration

§ Dehydration § Icterus

§ Vomiting

Diagnosis as CPV

§ Definitive dx: Faecal ELISA (PCR)

§ History/CSx

§ Lab. D: Neutropenia; Anaemia; ↓ K; ↓ Glucose; ↓ TP

§ Abdominal US: Intussusception; Paralytic ileus

§ Faecal analysis: Concurrent parasitic/bacterial infection

Treatment as CPV

§ Isolation

§ Supportive therapy: Adsorbent; Mirtazapine; Vitamins

§ Aggressive IVFT: Correct any fluid deficit

§ IV Abx: Wide spec.; Prevent bacterial translocation

§ Gastric protectants

§ Antiemetics

§ Enteral feeding

§ Analgesics

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4
Q

Canine Coronaviral enteritis?

A

CANINE CORONAVIRAL ENTERITIS

CCoV; CPCoV

CCoV

Kennels & shelters

CSx

Acute & mild

Watery, mucoid diarrhoea

Ø Fever; Ø Leukopenia

May be asymptomatic

Pantropic CoV: Mutation → Severe form

Other viral enteropathies

§ Feline coronavirus (FCoV)

§ Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)

§ Feline leukaemia virus (FeLV)

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5
Q

bacterial enteritis? Camphylobacteriosis?

A

Bacterial Enteritis

CAUSES

Camphylobacteriosis(Zoonotic)

May be associated with other causes of diarrhoea e.g. worms & Giardia

Treatment: Erythromycin; Tylosin

Salmonellosis

Miscellaneous bacterial enteritis

§ Enteropathogenic E. coli

§ C. perfringens; C. difficile

§ Yersiniosis

AETIOLOGY

Young animals; Stressful, overcrowded environment; Concurrent

diseases; Immunosuppressed animals; Raw meat diet

Severity is dependent on

§ Pathogenicity

§ Gut defence mechanisms

§ Immune system of the animal

DIAGNOSIS

Generally difficult

§ Campylobacter spp.: PCR; Culture

§ Clostridium spp.: PCR; ELISA for toxins

TREATMENT

Mild infection: Do not treat with Abx → Resistance

Severe infection

Isolate the patient, especially if the owner is YOPI (young; old,

pregnant or immunodeficient)

Campylobacter spp.: Erythromycin

Salmonella spp.: Enrofloxacin

Sepsis/sepsis risk

IV abx immediately; Amoxiclav; Enrofloxacin; Gentamycin

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6
Q

Protozoal enteritis?

A

Protozoal Enteritis

ISOSPORA SPP.

Young (<1 month); New owner; Kennel; Concurrent infections;

Immunocompromised

CSx: Acute diarrhoea (mild)

Tx: Trimethoprim sulphate; Toltrazuril

COCCIDIA SPP.

Tx: Toltrazuril

GIARDIA SPP.

Usually asymptomatic/mild; Acute onset

CSx: Diarrhoea – “Cow pat”-like, very fetid

Dx: Faecal floatation; Faecal Ag ELISA

Tx: Fenbendazole; Metronidazole (high dose)

ROUNDWORMS

Toxocara et Toxascara spp.

Young animals

CSx: Diarrhoea; Failure to thrive; “Potbelly”; Intestinal obstruction

Larval migration: Tissue damage of lungs & liver

Tx: Fenbendazole

HOOKWORMS

Ancyclostoma et Uncinaria spp.

Young animals in unhygienic conditions

CSx: Diarrhoea (bloody); Anaemia; Pododermatitis

Tx: Fenbendazole

TAPEWORMS

Dipylidium caninum; Echinococcus spp.

Intermediate hosts: Flees & lice

CSx: Rare

Human health risk
Tx: Praziquantel

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7
Q
A
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