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FSHN 485 > 485 Crosswords > Flashcards

485 Crosswords Flashcards

1
Q

This is an essential n-6 fatty acid

2 answers

A

linoleic acid

omega 6

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2
Q

Another name for after a meal

not the body state

A

post-prandial

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3
Q

Glucogenic portion of a triglyceride

A

glycerol

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4
Q

This is formed when there is little glucose available.

A

ketone bodies

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5
Q

This type of calorimeter measures heat

A

direct calorimeter

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6
Q

This amino acid is typically released by the liver and taken up by the muscle tissue

A

leucine

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7
Q

This is used to determine fuel mixture

Hint. involves carbon dioxide and oxygen measurements

A

respiratory quotient

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8
Q

contains about 4 kcal/g gross energy, but little or no metabolizable energy for humans

A

fiber

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9
Q

This compound carries acetyl CoA from the mitochondria to the cytosol

A

citrate

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10
Q

major fatty acid in the brain

A

DHA

22 carbons
omega 3 is the precursor

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11
Q

its respiratory quotient is = 0.818

A

protein

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12
Q

compound that carries fatty acids into the mitochondria

A

carnitine

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13
Q

This organ uses about 20% of the BMR and gets it from glucose

A

brain

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14
Q

the BMR is closely related to this

A

lean body mass

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15
Q

These 2 amino acid are used in the synthesis of carnitine

A

methionine

lysine

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16
Q

Name two components of fatty acids

A

glycerol

fatty acids

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17
Q

This lipid is not a source of energy

Hint. what else is lipids used for

A

cholesterol

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18
Q

This enzyme frees fatty acids from trglycerides in LDL

A

lipoprotein lipase

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19
Q

What is a major energy source for the intestinal mucosa

A

glutamine

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20
Q

This compound results in a small energy loss for the body as urine.

A

urea

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21
Q

This is a 20 carbon, omega 6 fatty acid that can be used to form prostaglandins

hint. not omega 6 (linoleic acid)

A

arachidonic acid

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22
Q

What does RMR stand for

A

resting metabolic rate

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23
Q

This process accounts for 65% of the total energy expenditure

A

RMR (resting metabolic rate)

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24
Q

Another word for heat production

hint. use latin

A

thermogenesis

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25
Q

This type of calorimeter measures oxygen use

A

indirect

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26
Q

a unit of heat used in nutrition field

A

kcal

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27
Q

What is an oligosaccharide-containing cell surface layer of a membrane

A

glycocalyx

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28
Q

catalase is found here in cells

A

peroxisomes

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29
Q

GLUT 4 is regulated by this hormone

A

insulin

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30
Q

What is the amino acid component of bile

hint. not one of the 20 AA

A

taurine

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31
Q

What monosaccharide has an active transport process in the small intestines?

A

Glucose

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32
Q

another term for intestinal bacteria

A

microflora

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33
Q

Where in the GI tract is the most water absorbed?

A

small intestines

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34
Q

This serves as the cell’s digestive system

A

lysosomes

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35
Q

Name this major polar compound in membranes

A

phosphoglyceride

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36
Q

This molecule is co-absorbed with glucose in the small intestines

A

sodium

37
Q

another name for table sugar

A

sucrose

38
Q

this is also known as programmed cell death

A

apoptosis

39
Q

If detected in blood, this can indicate myocardial infarction

A

creatine kinase

“Elevation of CK is an indication of damage to muscle. It is therefore indicative of injury, rhabdomyolysis, myocardial infarction, myositis and myocarditis. The use of statin medications, which are commonly used to decrease serum cholesterol levels, may be associated with elevation of the CPK level in about 1% of the patients taking these medications, and with actual muscle damage in a much smaller proportion.”
-wikipedia

40
Q

What is a membrane compound that includes carbohydrates and fat

A

glycolipid

41
Q

The name for foods that contain live micro-organisms

A

probiotic

42
Q

what are foods and food components for “good” bacteria called.

A

prebiotic

43
Q

“essentially the reversal of glycolysis.”

the opposite pathway of glycolysis is?

A

gluconeogenesis

44
Q

This hormone inhibits gastric motility and stimulates the gallbladder

A

cholecystokinin (CCK)

45
Q

This monosaccharide has a facilitative transporter in the small intestine

A

fructose

“GLUT5 is a fructose transporter expressed on the apical border of enterocytes in the small intestine. GLUT5 allows for fructose to be transported from the intestinal lumen into the enterocyte by facilitated diffusion due to fructose’s high concentration in the intestinal lumen. GLUT5 is also expressed in skeletal muscle, testis, kidney, fat tissue, and brain.”
-wikipedia

46
Q

If insulin is up, than this is down

A

glucagon

47
Q

Dehydrogenase and hydroxylase are in this class of enzyme types

A

oxidoreductase

enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from a molecule being reduced to a molecule being oxidized.

48
Q

biosynthetic

hint. the PROCESS of “synthetic” from “bio”

A

anabolic

49
Q

name the 3 common monosaccharides

A

galactose
glucose
fructose

50
Q

name the 3 common disaccharides

A

sucrose
lactose
maltose

bonus: can you name the 2 monosaccharides that make up each disaccharide

51
Q

name the monosaccharide in lactose

not glucose

A

galactose

52
Q

the expressed DNA sequences

A

exons

53
Q

The pathway (process) that breaks down molecules

A

catabolic

54
Q

Term for bile circulation

A

enterohepatic

55
Q

what is the disaccharide that comes from starch

A

maltose

56
Q

This is the progessive wave-like motion that occurs in the GI tract

A

peristalsis

57
Q

This complements adenine

A

thymine

58
Q

name the purines

A

adenine

guanine

59
Q

name the pyrimidines

A

thymine
cytosine
uracil

60
Q

Bile and pancreatic secretions enter here in the GI tract

Specifically

A

duodenum

61
Q

Proenzymes are called

A

zymogens

62
Q

Oxaloacetate + acetyl CoA = _______

A

citrate

63
Q

This regenerates ATP the quickest

A

creatine phosphate

64
Q

The production of this helps to conserve protein in starvation

A

ketones

65
Q

An overnight fast will deplete this in the liver

A

glycogen

66
Q

Kidneys produce _______ from glutamine

A

ammonia

67
Q

Most of the body is made up of ________

A

water

68
Q

muscle production of _______ declines during starvation

A

lactate

69
Q

Carbon dioxide divided by oxygen

A

respiratory quotient

70
Q

oxygen consumption is measured in _________ ___________

A

indirect calorimetry

71
Q

In exercise, use of this increases as glycogen is depleted

A

protein

72
Q

Oxidation of this is very active in muscle at 20 minutes into a marathon

A

fatty acids

73
Q

___________ is a potential ergogenic aid that affects the brain and fat cells

A

caffeine

74
Q

Weight and height in one number

A

BMI

75
Q

State that begins following 18 hours of no food intake

A

fasting

76
Q

_____ is the main energy source during the first 5 minutes of a marathon

A

glucose

77
Q

_______ is the hormone that facilitates fat storage in adipocytes.

A

insulin

78
Q

Heat is measured in ___________ __________

A

direct calorimetry

79
Q

_______ is a non lactate use by red blood cells

A

hexose monosphosphate shunt

80
Q

What is the amino acid precursor of serotonin

A

tryptophan

81
Q

What hormone triggers fat mobilization from adipocytes

A

glucagon

82
Q

Both bod pod and underwater weighing use __________

A

densitometry

83
Q

What is the glucogeogenic compound that is released by muscle.

A

alanine

What is the alanine cycle again?

84
Q

What type of cell lacks a mitochondria

A

red blood cells

85
Q

What is the essential fatty acid percentage for males and females

A

males - 3%

females - 12 %

86
Q

essential fatty acids comprise of what things? (organs, processes, etc)

A

central nervous system
membrane phospholipids
essential organs

87
Q

This system provides most of the energy for the first 10 secs of a marathon

A

ATP-CP

creatine phosphate

88
Q

What is the state after eating called

A

fed

89
Q

glucagon promotes increase of ________ in adipocytes

A

cAMP

and lipolysis

FSHN 485 (3 decks)

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