485 Crosswords Flashcards by Justin h

This is an essential n-6 fatty acid

2 answers

linoleic acid

omega 6

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Another name for after a meal

not the body state

post-prandial

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Glucogenic portion of a triglyceride

glycerol

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This is formed when there is little glucose available.

ketone bodies

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This type of calorimeter measures heat

direct calorimeter

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This amino acid is typically released by the liver and taken up by the muscle tissue

leucine

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This is used to determine fuel mixture

Hint. involves carbon dioxide and oxygen measurements

respiratory quotient

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contains about 4 kcal/g gross energy, but little or no metabolizable energy for humans

fiber

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This compound carries acetyl CoA from the mitochondria to the cytosol

citrate

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major fatty acid in the brain

DHA

22 carbons
omega 3 is the precursor

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its respiratory quotient is = 0.818

protein

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compound that carries fatty acids into the mitochondria

carnitine

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This organ uses about 20% of the BMR and gets it from glucose

brain

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the BMR is closely related to this

lean body mass

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These 2 amino acid are used in the synthesis of carnitine

methionine

lysine

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Name two components of fatty acids

glycerol

fatty acids

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This lipid is not a source of energy

Hint. what else is lipids used for

cholesterol

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This enzyme frees fatty acids from trglycerides in LDL

lipoprotein lipase

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What is a major energy source for the intestinal mucosa

glutamine

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This compound results in a small energy loss for the body as urine.

urea

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This is a 20 carbon, omega 6 fatty acid that can be used to form prostaglandins

hint. not omega 6 (linoleic acid)

arachidonic acid

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What does RMR stand for

resting metabolic rate

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This process accounts for 65% of the total energy expenditure

RMR (resting metabolic rate)

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Another word for heat production

hint. use latin

thermogenesis

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This type of calorimeter measures oxygen use

indirect

a unit of heat used in nutrition field

kcal

What is an oligosaccharide-containing cell surface layer of a membrane

glycocalyx

catalase is found here in cells

peroxisomes

GLUT 4 is regulated by this hormone

insulin

What is the amino acid component of bile hint. not one of the 20 AA

taurine

What monosaccharide has an active transport process in the small intestines?

Glucose

another term for intestinal bacteria

microflora

Where in the GI tract is the most water absorbed?

small intestines

This serves as the cell's digestive system

lysosomes

Name this major polar compound in membranes

phosphoglyceride

This molecule is co-absorbed with glucose in the small intestines

sodium

another name for table sugar

sucrose

this is also known as programmed cell death

apoptosis

If detected in blood, this can indicate myocardial infarction

creatine kinase "Elevation of CK is an indication of damage to muscle. It is therefore indicative of injury, rhabdomyolysis, myocardial infarction, myositis and myocarditis. The use of statin medications, which are commonly used to decrease serum cholesterol levels, may be associated with elevation of the CPK level in about 1% of the patients taking these medications, and with actual muscle damage in a much smaller proportion." -wikipedia

What is a membrane compound that includes carbohydrates and fat

glycolipid

The name for foods that contain live micro-organisms

probiotic

what are foods and food components for "good" bacteria called.

prebiotic

"essentially the reversal of glycolysis." the opposite pathway of glycolysis is?

gluconeogenesis

This hormone inhibits gastric motility and stimulates the gallbladder

cholecystokinin (CCK)

This monosaccharide has a facilitative transporter in the small intestine

fructose "GLUT5 is a fructose transporter expressed on the apical border of enterocytes in the small intestine. GLUT5 allows for fructose to be transported from the intestinal lumen into the enterocyte by facilitated diffusion due to fructose's high concentration in the intestinal lumen. GLUT5 is also expressed in skeletal muscle, testis, kidney, fat tissue, and brain." -wikipedia

If insulin is up, than this is down

glucagon

Dehydrogenase and hydroxylase are in this class of enzyme types

oxidoreductase enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from a molecule being reduced to a molecule being oxidized.

biosynthetic hint. the PROCESS of "synthetic" from "bio"

anabolic

name the 3 common monosaccharides

galactose glucose fructose

name the 3 common disaccharides

sucrose lactose maltose bonus: can you name the 2 monosaccharides that make up each disaccharide

name the monosaccharide in lactose | not glucose

galactose

the expressed DNA sequences

exons

The pathway (process) that breaks down molecules

catabolic

Term for bile circulation

enterohepatic

what is the disaccharide that comes from starch

maltose

This is the progessive wave-like motion that occurs in the GI tract

peristalsis

This complements adenine

thymine

name the purines

adenine | guanine

name the pyrimidines

thymine cytosine uracil

Bile and pancreatic secretions enter here in the GI tract | Specifically

duodenum

Proenzymes are called

zymogens

Oxaloacetate + acetyl CoA = _______

citrate

This regenerates ATP the quickest

creatine phosphate

The production of this helps to conserve protein in starvation

ketones

An overnight fast will deplete this in the liver

glycogen

Kidneys produce _______ from glutamine

ammonia

Most of the body is made up of ________

water

muscle production of _______ declines during starvation

lactate

Carbon dioxide divided by oxygen

respiratory quotient

oxygen consumption is measured in _________ ___________

indirect calorimetry

In exercise, use of this increases as glycogen is depleted

protein

Oxidation of this is very active in muscle at 20 minutes into a marathon

fatty acids

___________ is a potential ergogenic aid that affects the brain and fat cells

caffeine

Weight and height in one number

BMI

State that begins following 18 hours of no food intake

fasting

_____ is the main energy source during the first 5 minutes of a marathon

glucose

_______ is the hormone that facilitates fat storage in adipocytes.

insulin

Heat is measured in ___________ __________

direct calorimetry

_______ is a non lactate use by red blood cells

hexose monosphosphate shunt

What is the amino acid precursor of serotonin

tryptophan

What hormone triggers fat mobilization from adipocytes

glucagon

Both bod pod and underwater weighing use __________

densitometry

What is the glucogeogenic compound that is released by muscle.

alanine What is the alanine cycle again?

What type of cell lacks a mitochondria

red blood cells

What is the essential fatty acid percentage for males and females

males - 3% | females - 12 %

essential fatty acids comprise of what things? (organs, processes, etc)

central nervous system membrane phospholipids essential organs

This system provides most of the energy for the first 10 secs of a marathon

ATP-CP | creatine phosphate

What is the state after eating called

fed

glucagon promotes increase of ________ in adipocytes

cAMP | and lipolysis