4.7.14

Question 1

HUS Features

Answer 1

1) Thrombocytopenia
2) microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
3) renal insufficiency / uremia

Question 2

Hep B special features

Answer 2

1) enveloped, partially ds Circular DNA

2) packed w/ its own RNA-dependent DNA polymerase

Question 3

Hep D replication

Answer 3

Hep D Antigen requires HbsAg of HepB to replicate

Question 4

HepA possible clinical presentations

Answer 4

1) anicteric / subclinical

2) maliase, jaundice, GI distress, smoking aversion

Question 5

Extrahepatic manifestations of HCV

Answer 5

1) membranous glomeruleropathy

2) mixed cryoglobulinemia

Question 6

Mucormycosis

Answer 6

1) immune suppression / DKA
2) invades the paranasal sinuses
3) necrosis, facial pain, headache

Question 7

mucormycosis on histology

Answer 7

1) broad, nonseptate hyphae at wide angles

Question 8

thionamides

Answer 8

1) PTU / Methimazole

2) Sfx: granulocytosis via precursor inhibition

Question 9

NSAID treatment for thyroid dysfunction

Answer 9

1) aspirin / ibuprofen displaces thyroid hormones from binding proteins –> exacerbate thyrotoxicosis
2) treat w/ acetaminophen

Question 10

Sign of LVH dysfunction vs. RVH dysfunction

Answer 10

LVH = orthopnea

1) to maintain SV –> incr. LV filling pressures –> incr. pulmonary HTN –> edema –> dec. gas exchange

Question 11

acute hemorrhagic cystisis in children

Answer 11

adenovirus

Question 12

pure red cell aplasia

Answer 12

PRCA

1) marrow erythroid hypolasia
2) normal granulopoeisis / thrombopoeisis

Question 13

pure red cell apalasia causes

Answer 13

1) inhibition of erythropoietic precursors by IgG autoantibodies
2) cytotoxic T lymphocytes
- thymoma
- lymphocytic leukemia

Question 14

n. meningitis prophylaxis

Answer 14

rifampin –. eliminates nasopharyngeal colonization

Question 15

why no vaccine for group B neisseria

Answer 15

poorly immunogenic

Question 16

trigeminal neuralgia

Answer 16

CN V stimulus –> unilateral/transient stabbing pain –> treat w/ carbamazepine.

1) mechanism of action of carbamazepine: inactivate Na
2) sfx: aplastic anemia / P450 inducer

Question 17

phenytoin mechanism for oral sfx

Answer 17

1) phenytoin –> incr. PDGF –> proliferation of gingival cells / alveolar bone in gingival macrophages

Question 18

thiazides effects on electrolytes

Answer 18

Hyper:

1) uricemia
2) Ca2+
3) glycemia
4) lipidemia

Hypo:

1) kalemia
2) BP

Question 19

lacunar striate arteries

Answer 19

hemorrhage in hypertensive strokes

Question 20

subarachnoid bleed (vessels)

Answer 20

berry aneurysm

1) Acomm = most common
2) Pcomm

Question 21

epidural hemorrhage

Answer 21

middle meningeal artery

-lucid interval

Question 22

subdural hematoma

Answer 22

crescent-shaped –> midline shift

• gradual onset
• incr. risk w/ age

Question 23

ARDS criteria

Answer 23

• progressive hypoxemia, refractory to O2
• dec. lung compliance
• interstitial edema –> diffuse alveolar infiltrate
• normal PCWP (noncardiogenic edema w/ exudate)

Question 24

ARDS on histology

Answer 24

alveoli lined w/ waxy hyaline membranes

Question 25

diff. b/w cardiogenic vs. pulmogenic edema

Answer 25

1) cardiogenic = transudative

2) resp. insufficiency = exudative