4.7 Evolution of the Digestive System Flashcards

different digestive systems in animals

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1
Q

Main purpose of the digestive

A
  • obtain and convert nutrients into usable energy (ATP)
  • to perform all necessary cellular functions.
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2
Q

Two main mechanisms of getting nutrients

A

AUTOTROPHS
&
HETEROTROPHS

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3
Q

What is Autotrophs

A
  • use energy to build organic molecules by photosynthesis;
  • cellular respiration to release that energy as ATP
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4
Q

2 types of Autotrophs

A
  • > Photoautotrophs: use solar energy
  • > Chemoautotrophs: use chemical energy
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5
Q

What is Heterotrops

A
  • variety of feeding devices and behaviours to obtain nutrients
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6
Q

Mechanisms of feeding (3)

A
  • Filter/Suspension Feeding
  • Fluid feeders
  • Bulk feeding
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7
Q

What is Filter/Suspension Feeding?

A
  • Non-specific ingestion
  • filter out what they don’t want or need.
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8
Q

Filter/Suspension Feeding
of Baleen Whales

A
  • use baleen plates [bristles made of keratin]
  • filter, sift, sieve and trap plankton and small fish.
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9
Q

Filter/Suspension Feeding of Shellfish

A
  • filter microscopic organisms through gill plates
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10
Q

What is fluid feeding?
examples?

A

Animals pierce and suck the fluid from animals / plants.

eg. Mosquitoes and leeches use anticoagulants– keep blood from clotting while they eat

eg. Tapeworms attach to intestinal lining to absorb nutrient-rich fluids from hosts digestive tract

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11
Q

Bulk Feeding [Most animals, including humans
]

A
  • Large chunks of food at a time,
  • require specialized structures to assist in capturing and digesting food
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12
Q

Evolution of digestion (2)

A
  • Closed tube (ex: Hydra): one opening for food nad wastes. Waste through various points along the length of the organisms body.
  • Open tube (ex: Humans): an opening for obtaining food and a second opening for eliminating waste.
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13
Q

Types of digestion (2)

A
  • Intrcellular (ex: paramecium)- Inside cell
  • Extracellular (ex: Mammals, fungi)- Outside cell
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14
Q

Overview of Digestion (6)

A
  1. Ingestion 2. Digestion
  2. Absorption 4. Transport
  3. Metabolism 6. Excretion
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15
Q

What is Ingestion

A

bring food and drink into the body

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16
Q

What is digestion? Egestion/elimination?

A
  • Physical and chemical breakdown of food and drink into small molecules

→ Expelling unusable parts of food ex. feces

17
Q

What is Absorption?

A

Nutrients from internal cavities into the bloodstream

18
Q

What is Transport?

A

Getting nutrients to the cells, where needed

19
Q

What is Metabolism?

A

Chemical processes of using nutrients and oxygen

20
Q

What is Excretion?

A

Expelling waste products of metabolism