4.6.2.5 Cloning Flashcards
1
Q
What is cloning?
A
- creating genetically identical copies of an organism
2
Q
What are some examples of plant cloning?
A
- tissue culture
- cuttings
3
Q
What is tissue culture?
A
- using small groups of cells from part of a plant to grow identical new plants
4
Q
Why is tissue culture important?
A
- preserves rare plant species or commercially in plant nurseries
5
Q
What is the process of tissue culture?
A
- plants cells taken
- placed in growth medium with nutrients and hormones
- grow into new plants, clones
6
Q
What is the process of cuttings?
A
- cuttings (e.g. sections of stem) are taken from a plant with desirable features
- plants and produce clones
7
Q
What are examples of animal clonings?
A
- embryo transplants
- adult cell cloning
8
Q
What is the process of embryo transplants?
A
- sperm and egg cells from parents with desirable features obtained
- fertilised in lab
- embryo divides many times and then inserted
- offspring is eventually born genetically identical with desirable features
9
Q
What is the process of adult cell cloning?
A
- nucleus removed from unfertilised egg cell
- nucleus removed from adult body cell and placed in denucleated egg cell
- through stimulation of electric shock, egg cell begins to divide to form an embryo
- embryo is implanted into womb
- offspring born is a clone
10
Q
What are the benefits of cloning?
A
- produces lots of offspring with specific desirable feature
- study of clones could help research into embryo development
- can help extremely endangered species, even bring back species that have come extinct
11
Q
What are the risks of cloning?
A
- gene pool reduced through producing clones, meaning there is less chance of survival as there is low diversity
- clones have low survival rate, tend to have some genetic problems
- human cloning
