45.4 Endocrine regulation: metabolism, homeostasis, development, behavior

Question 1

thyroid hormone

Answer 1

regulates homeostasis and development
-regulates bioenergetics

thyroid hormones= a pair of similar hormones derived from amino acid tyrosine

• Triiodothyronine (T3)- 3 iodine atoms
• Thyroxine (T4)-4 iodine atoms

Question 2

iodine deficiency

Answer 2

causes defects related to thyroid hormone

Question 3

Ca2+ levels fall

Answer 3

tetany-convulsing skeletal muscle

Question 4

Ca2+ levels rise

Answer 4

widespread organ damage

calcium phosphate forms in body tissues

Question 5

parathyroid glands

Answer 5

4 small structures in posterior surface of thyroid
-regulate Ca2+

when it falls= it releases PTH (parathyroid hormone)
when it rises= it releases calcitonin

Question 6

PTH

Answer 6

parathyroid hormone

• raises Ca2+ levels
• makes bones decompose to release calcium
• can cause renal tubes to reabsorb it
• can activate vitamin D which cause intestines to take up ca2+

Question 7

calcitonin

Answer 7

• inhibits bone reabsorption

- enhances ca2+ release from kidneys

Question 8

adrenal hormones

Answer 8

stress

-made of a fused endocrine and neuroendocrine gland

Question 9

catecholamines

Answer 9

amine hormones synthesized from amino acid tyrosine
-in the adrenal medulla

• epinephrine and norepinephrine
• secreted in response to stress

Question 10

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Answer 10

catecholamines secreted in response to stress
-increase amount of energy available for immediate use

epinephrine: heart and metabolic rates
noepinephrine: blood pressure

Question 11

adrenal cortex vs adrenal medulla

Answer 11

adrenal medulla-> nervous input

adrenal cortex-> endocrine signaling

Question 12

corticosteroids

Answer 12

secreted my adrenal cortex in response to anterior pituitary hormone

• glucocorticoids-affect glucose metabolism
• mineralocorticoids - mineral metabolism salt/water balance