4.5.3.5 Contraception

Question 1

How can fertility be controlled?

Answer 1

• variety of hormonal and non-hormonal methods of contraception

Question 2

What are examples of methods of contracpetion?

Answer 2

• oral contraceptives
• injection, implant or skin patch
• barrier methods
• intrauterine device
• spermicidal agents
• abstaining
• surgical methods

Question 3

What is the contraceptive pill?

Answer 3

• pill that must be taken regularly (or else own bodies hormones will be released, leading to egg maturing)

Question 4

What does the mixed pill contain?

Answer 4

• oestrogen and progesterone

Question 5

What does the mixed pill lead to?

Answer 5

• oestrogen levels constantly high, inhibiting FSH so no eggs mature
• lining stops developing
• mucus in cervix becomes thick so sperm can’t move

Question 6

What are some possible side effects of the mixed pill?

Answer 6

• changes in mood
• mood swings
• depression
• breast pain or tenderness
• breast enlargement
• increased blood pressure

Question 7

What is the other example of the pill?

Answer 7

• progesterone only pill

Question 8

What is the contraceptive patch?

Answer 8

• small
• stuck on skin
• lasts for one week
• contains oestrogen and progesterone

Question 9

What is the contraceptive implant?

Answer 9

• release of continuous amount of progesterone
• prevents ovaries releasing egg
• thickens mucus in cervix so can’t fertilise
• lasts three years

Question 10

What is the contraceptive injection?

Answer 10

• made up of progesterone
• same effect as implant
• lasts for 2-3 months

Question 11

What is the plastic intrauterine device (IUD)?

Answer 11

• releases progesterone
• same effect as implant
• T shaped
• inserted into uterus

Question 12

What are non-hormonal methods of contraception?

Answer 12

• stop sperm fertilising egg

Question 13

What are chemical methods of contraception?

Answer 13

• involve spermicides
• kill or disable sperm
• only 70-80% effective

Question 14

What are barrier methods?

Answer 14

• condoms
• diaphragms

Question 15

What are condoms?

Answer 15

• worn over penis or inside vagina
• prevent individuals from contracting STDs
• can tear

Question 16

What are diaphragms?

Answer 16

• plastic cup which is positioned over cervix
• used with spermicide

Question 17

What is the copper intrauterine device?

Answer 17

• kills sperm in uterus
• stops any fertilised embryos from implanting in uterus lining

Question 18

What are surgical methods of male and female sterilisation?

Answer 18

• involve cutting and tying fallopian tubes or sperm duct
• lasts forever

Question 19

What is abstaining?

Answer 19

• ensures egg is not fertilised
• others may only abstain during ovulation