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Biology 4.5 Homeostasis and Response > 4.5.3.5 Contraception > Flashcards

4.5.3.5 Contraception Flashcards

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1
Q

How can fertility be controlled?

A
  • variety of hormonal and non-hormonal methods of contraception
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2
Q

What are examples of methods of contracpetion?

A
  • oral contraceptives
  • injection, implant or skin patch
  • barrier methods
  • intrauterine device
  • spermicidal agents
  • abstaining
  • surgical methods
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3
Q

What is the contraceptive pill?

A
  • pill that must be taken regularly (or else own bodies hormones will be released, leading to egg maturing)
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4
Q

What does the mixed pill contain?

A
  • oestrogen and progesterone
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5
Q

What does the mixed pill lead to?

A
  • oestrogen levels constantly high, inhibiting FSH so no eggs mature
  • lining stops developing
  • mucus in cervix becomes thick so sperm can’t move
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6
Q

What are some possible side effects of the mixed pill?

A
  • changes in mood
  • mood swings
  • depression
  • breast pain or tenderness
  • breast enlargement
  • increased blood pressure
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7
Q

What is the other example of the pill?

A
  • progesterone only pill
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8
Q

What is the contraceptive patch?

A
  • small
  • stuck on skin
  • lasts for one week
  • contains oestrogen and progesterone
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9
Q

What is the contraceptive implant?

A
  • release of continuous amount of progesterone
  • prevents ovaries releasing egg
  • thickens mucus in cervix so can’t fertilise
  • lasts three years
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10
Q

What is the contraceptive injection?

A
  • made up of progesterone
  • same effect as implant
  • lasts for 2-3 months
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11
Q

What is the plastic intrauterine device (IUD)?

A
  • releases progesterone
  • same effect as implant
  • T shaped
  • inserted into uterus
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12
Q

What are non-hormonal methods of contraception?

A
  • stop sperm fertilising egg
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13
Q

What are chemical methods of contraception?

A
  • involve spermicides
  • kill or disable sperm
  • only 70-80% effective
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14
Q

What are barrier methods?

A
  • condoms
  • diaphragms
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15
Q

What are condoms?

A
  • worn over penis or inside vagina
  • prevent individuals from contracting STDs
  • can tear
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16
Q

What are diaphragms?

A
  • plastic cup which is positioned over cervix
  • used with spermicide
17
Q

What is the copper intrauterine device?

A
  • kills sperm in uterus
  • stops any fertilised embryos from implanting in uterus lining
18
Q

What are surgical methods of male and female sterilisation?

A
  • involve cutting and tying fallopian tubes or sperm duct
  • lasts forever
19
Q

What is abstaining?

A
  • ensures egg is not fertilised
  • others may only abstain during ovulation

Biology 4.5 Homeostasis and Response (17 decks)

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