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Chemistry > 4.5 Organic I > Flashcards

4.5 Organic I Flashcards

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1
Q

Define crude oil

A

Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons, compounds of hydrogen (H) and carbon (C) only

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2
Q

What happens as the hydrocarbon boiling points increase?

A

As the boiling points increase:
1. The fractions get darker in colour.
2. The fractions get more viscous (like treacle).

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3
Q

What is a fraction of crude oil?

A

Each fraction of crude oil is a mixture of similar hydrocarbons with similar boiling points.

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4
Q

What do different hydrocarbons come in?

A

-a huge variety of shapes and sizes
-crude oil boiling over a large range of temperatures

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5
Q

What is the order of boiling points in fractions?RGKDFB

A

Low- Refinery gases, Gasoline, Kerosene, Diesel, Fuel oil, Bitumen- High

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6
Q

What is the order of molecular mass in fractions?

A

Low- Refinery gases, Gasoline, Kerosene, Diesel, Fuel oil, Bitumen- High

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7
Q

What is the order of colour in fractions? RGKDFB

A

Light- Refinery gases, Gasoline, Kerosene, Diesel, Fuel oil, Bitumen- Dark

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8
Q

What is the order of viscosity in fractions?

A

Low- Refinery gases, Gasoline, Kerosene, Diesel, Fuel oil, Bitumen- High

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9
Q

What is the use of refinery gases?

A

Fuel for home cooking

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10
Q

What is the use of gasoline?

A

Fuel for cars

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11
Q

What is the use of kerosene?

A

Fuel for aircraft

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12
Q

What is the use of diesel?

A

Fuel for trains

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13
Q

What is the use of fuel oil?

A

Fuel for ships

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14
Q

What is the use of bitumen?

A

Making roads

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15
Q

Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil

A

-Separates fractions from crude oil
-Industrial process
-Fractionating column: hot at bottom, cold at top

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16
Q

How does fractional distillation work?
HCOVETC
VRUTRTBP,WTC
DVCADHDTTDBP
SVCTAAF

A
  1. Heated crude oil vapours enter the column.
  2. Vapours rise until they reach their boiling point, when they condense.
  3. Different vapours condense at different heights due to their different boiling points.
  4. Similar vapours condense together as a fraction.
17
Q

Define homologous series

A

A group of substances with:
-the same general formula
-similar chemical properties because they have the same functional group
-a trend in physical properties

18
Q

Define functional group

A

An atom or group of atoms that determine the chemical properties of of a compound

19
Q

Define isomers

A

Molecules with the same molecular formula but with a different structure

20
Q

What is a fuel and what reaction does it release?

A

A fuel is a substance that, when burned, releases heat energy (exothermic reaction).

21
Q

Complete combustion

A

-Complete Combustion happens when there is enough oxygen available
e.g. methane + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water

22
Q

Incomplete combustion

A

-Incomplete Combustion happens when there is not enough oxygen available
e.g. ethane + oxygen -> carbon monoxide + water

23
Q

What is the boiling point of Liquid petroleum gas?

A

<25*c

24
Q

What is the boiling point of Petrol (gasoline)?

A

25-60*c

25
Q

What is the boiling point of Naphtha?

A

60-180*c

26
Q

What is the boiling point of Paraffin?

A

180-220*c

27
Q

What is the boiling point of Diesel?

A

220-250*c

28
Q

What is the boiling point of Lubricating oil?

A

250-300*c

29
Q

What is the boiling point of Fuel oil?

A

300-250*c

30
Q

What is the boiling point of Bitumen?

A

> 350*c

31
Q

What is the trend in colour of the main fractions?

A

Colours are darker at the bottom fractions – longer molecules

Chemistry (12 decks)

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