4.5 Organic I

Question 1

Define crude oil

Answer 1

Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons, compounds of hydrogen (H) and carbon (C) only

Question 2

What happens as the hydrocarbon boiling points increase?

Answer 2

As the boiling points increase:
1. The fractions get darker in colour.
2. The fractions get more viscous (like treacle).

Question 3

What is a fraction of crude oil?

Answer 3

Each fraction of crude oil is a mixture of similar hydrocarbons with similar boiling points.

Question 4

What do different hydrocarbons come in?

Answer 4

-a huge variety of shapes and sizes
-crude oil boiling over a large range of temperatures

Question 5

What is the order of boiling points in fractions?

Answer 5

Low- Refinery gases, Gasoline, Kerosene, Diesel, Fuel oil, Bitumen- High

Question 6

What is the order of molecular mass in fractions?

Answer 6

Low- Refinery gases, Gasoline, Kerosene, Diesel, Fuel oil, Bitumen- High

Question 7

What is the order of colour in fractions?

Answer 7

Light- Refinery gases, Gasoline, Kerosene, Diesel, Fuel oil, Bitumen- Dark

Question 8

What is the order of viscosity in fractions?

Answer 8

Low- Refinery gases, Gasoline, Kerosene, Diesel, Fuel oil, Bitumen- High

Question 9

What is the use of refinery gases?

Answer 9

Fuel for home cooking

Question 10

What is the use of gasoline?

Answer 10

Fuel for cars

Question 11

What is the use of kerosene?

Answer 11

Fuel for aircraft

Question 12

What is the use of diesel?

Answer 12

Fuel for trains

Question 13

What is the use of fuel oil?

Answer 13

Fuel for ships

Question 14

What is the use of bitumen?

Answer 14

Making roads

Question 15

Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil

Answer 15

-Separates fractions from crude oil
-Industrial process
-Fractionating column: hot at bottom, cold at top

Question 16

How does fractional distillation work?

Answer 16

1. Heated crude oil vapours enter the column.
2. Vapours rise until they reach their boiling point, when they condense.
3. Different vapours condense at different heights due to their different boiling points.
4. Similar vapours condense together as a fraction.

Question 17

Define homologous series

Answer 17

A group of substances with:
-the same general formula
-similar chemical properties because they have the same functional group
-a trend in physical properties

Question 18

Define functional group

Answer 18

An atom or group of atoms that determine the chemical properties of of a compound

Question 19

Define isomers

Answer 19

Molecules with the same molecular formula but with a different structure

Question 20

What is a fuel and what reaction does it release?

Answer 20

A fuel is a substance that, when burned, releases heat energy (exothermic reaction).

Question 21

Complete combustion

Answer 21

-Complete Combustion happens when there is enough oxygen available
e.g. methane + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water

Question 22

Incomplete combustion

Answer 22

-Incomplete Combustion happens when there is not enough oxygen available
e.g. ethane + oxygen -> carbon monoxide + water

Question 23

What is the boiling point of Liquid petroleum gas?

Answer 23

<25*c

Question 24

What is the boiling point of Petrol (gasoline)?

Answer 24

25-60*c

Question 25

What is the boiling point of Naphtha?

Answer 25

60-180*c

Question 26

What is the boiling point of Paraffin?

Answer 26

180-220*c

Question 27

What is the boiling point of Diesel?

Answer 27

220-250*c

Question 28

What is the boiling point of Lubricating oil?

Answer 28

250-300*c

Question 29

What is the boiling point of Fuel oil?

Answer 29

300-250*c

Question 30

What is the boiling point of Bitumen?

Answer 30

> 350*c

Question 31

What is the trend in colour of the main fractions?

Answer 31

Colours are darker at the bottom fractions – longer molecules