3.3 Ionic Bonding

Question 1

Forming metal ions

Answer 1

-Metal atoms tend to lose all of their outer-shell electrons to get a full outer-shell.
-They become positively charged ions and they are more stable.
-Loss of electrons is also called oxidation.
-The ion has a 2+ charge because it lost two electrons.

Question 2

Forming non-metal ions

Answer 2

-Non-metal atoms tend to gain electrons to fill their outer-shell.
-They become negatively charged ions and they are more stable.
-Gain of electrons is called reduction.
-The ion has a 1− charge because it gained one electron

Question 3

What are the things to check when forming ionic compounds?

Answer 3

Check for full outer shells in ions, balance charges (+ and -).

Question 4

Forming ionic compounds
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Answer 4

-Metals transfer electrons to non-metals during reaction, forming ions with stable outer shells.
-Example: Lithium (Li) loses 1 electron, oxygen (O) gains 2 electrons.
-Ratio: 2 Li atoms for every O atom.
-Li atoms oxidize (lose electrons), O atoms reduce (gain electrons).
-Resulting ions: Li ions have 1+ charge, O ion has 2- charge.

Question 5

Ionic structure

Answer 5

-In an ionic compound, ions are arranged in a giant ionic lattice
-The ions alternate: + - + - etc.

Question 6

Ionic bonding

Answer 6

-Ionic bonding is the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
-Always a very strong attraction

Question 7

Why do ionic compounds have high melting points?

Answer 7

• Ionic bonds are very strong
• In a giant ionic lattice there are lots of ionic bonds
• Breaking all the ionic bonds requires a large amount of energy
  -Some ionic compounds have higher melting points because their ions have higher charges.
  -This makes the attraction between the ions even stronger and harder to break:

Question 8

Can solids conduct electricity?

Answer 8

Solids (s):
-No conductivity
-Ions can’t move freely

Question 9

Can liquids conduct electricity?

Answer 9

Liquids (l) or dissolved (aq):
-High conductivity
-Ions can move freely

Question 10

What is the MP of NaCl?

Answer 10

801oc

Question 11

What is the MP of ZnF2?

Answer 11

872oc

Question 12

What is the MP of MgO?

Answer 12

2852oc

Question 13

What is the MP of Fe2O3?

Answer 13

1539oc

Question 14

What is the MP of Al2O3?

Answer 14

2072oc

Question 15

Why do the nobles gases (Group 0) not readily react?

Answer 15

The noble gases are inert (unreactive) because they have a full outer shell of electrons.