45: Birds & Camelids Flashcards
The ligamentum propatagiale [in birds] connects which of the following?
a] Humerus to distal ulna
b] Humerus to proximal ulna
c] Proximal humerus to distal ulna
d] Proximal humerus to carpus
e] Distal humerus to carpus
d] Proximal humerus to carpus
The ligamentum propatagiale connects the proximal humerus to the carpus.
Which of the following is a feature of the digestive system of the camelid?
a] Double cecum
b] Full set of upper incisors
c] Multiple chambers of the stomach
d] Straight ascending colon
c] Multiple chambers of the stomach
Which of the following is the incubation period of chicken eggs at 37.5º C?
a] 28 days
b] 20 days
c] 18 days
d] 21 days
21 days
The normal incubation period of a chicken egg is 21 days. Turkeys have a 28-day incubation.
Which of the following is the safest and most easily accessible venipuncture site in psittacine birds?
a] Left jugular vein
b] Cutaneous ulnar vein
c] Right jugular vein
d] Heart
e] Ocular venous plexus
c] Right jugular vein
The right jugular vein is more prominent in psittacine birds. The cutaneous ulnar or wing vein is a possible venipuncture site, but large hematomas and persistent bleeding are common.
Which of the following supplies two-thirds of the blood flow to the avian kidney?
a] Cranial, middle, and caudal renal arteries
b] Cranial and caudal renal arteries
c] Intralobular artery
d] Renal portal veins
e] Afferent glomerular arterioles
d] Renal portal veins
The renal portal system supplies two-thirds of the blood to the avian kidney.
Concerning the reproductive tract of female birds, which of the following statements is most accurate?
a] The left ovary is better developed than the right ovary.
b] The right ovary is better developed than the left ovary.
c] The ovaries are equally well developed throughout life.
d] The ovaries periodically hypertrophy and atrophy on alternate sides throughout life.
e] The ovaries become especially active during molting.
a] The left ovary is better developed than the right ovary.
The left ovary is more well developed than the right ovary.
When performing a blood draw on a llama in the middle of the neck, bright red blood spurts from the needle as it is inserted. The needle is most likely in the
a] common carotid artery
b] cranial vena cava
c] external jugular vein
d] vertebral artery
a] common carotid artery
The immune system is thought of as having two main components, cell mediated and humoral. The cell-mediated system is centered around the thymus. Which of the following organs is the center of humoral immunity in avian species?
a] Spleen
b] Peripheral lymph nodes
c] Harderian gland
d] Cecal tonsils
e] Bursa of Fabricius
e] Bursa of Fabricius
The bursa of Fabricius has immune functions in birds, as the bone marrow does in mammals.
Which of the following is the principal gross lesion found in psittacines with psittacosis?
a] Pulmonary hemorrhage
b] Purulent pericarditis
c] Fibrinous air sacs
d] Splenic enlargement
e] Pancreatic atrophy
c] Fibrinous air sacs
Fibrinous air sacs are characteristic of psittacosis.
Which of the following is true of the ear of a bird?
a] It has an external acoustic meatus found caudoventral to the eye.
b] It has no external opening.
c] It is used to locate ultrasonic vibrations.
d] It has a small, primordial pinna.
e] It cannot be easily located and need not be examined.
a] It has an external acoustic meatus found caudoventral to the eye.
The avian ear has an easily located external acoustic meatus in this location. There is no pinna. Sound waves are detected, not ultrasonic vibrations.
The descending duodenum of the camelid is against the ______ body wall.
a] left
b] right
c] ventral
d] dorsal
b] right
A 7-year-old, 500-g Amazon parrot appears healthy on physical examination. Blood is to be drawn for a health check. Which of the following is the maximum amount of blood that may safely be drawn from this patient?
a] 50 mL
b] 5 mL
c] 3 mL
d] 0.5 mL
e] 1 mL
b] 5 mL
You can safely take 1% of the animal’s body weight in a routine blood draw on a healthy bird.
From cranial to caudal, the correct order of psittacine digestive organs is which of the following?
a] Crop, esophagus, proventriculus, ventriculus, intestine, ceca, and cloaca
b] Esophagus, crop, proventriculus, ventriculus, intestine, and cloaca
c] Esophagus, crop, esophagus, proventriculus, ventriculus, intestine, and cloaca
d] Crop, esophagus, gizzard, proventriculus, intestine, and cloaca
e] Esophagus, crop, ventriculus, intestine, and cloaca
c] Esophagus, crop, esophagus, proventriculus, ventriculus, intestine, and cloaca
Cervical esophagus, crop (ingluvies), thoracic esophagus, proventriculus, ventriculus, intestine, and cloaca is the correct order. Psittacines have no ceca. Gizzard and ventriculus are synonymous.
Which of the following are the primary feathers of birds?
a] Flight feathers that originate from the ulnar area
b] Wing and tail feathers
Feathers used for flight
c] Flight feathers that originate from the carpal area
d] Feathers that replace the juvenile down feathers
c] Flight feathers that originate from the carpal area
The primary (flight) feathers originate from the carpal area.
Which of the following overlapping structures completely encircle the cornea of birds?
a] Pectinate ligaments
b] Hyaline cartilages
c] Rods and cones
d] Tapetum lucidum and os orbitundum
e] Scleral ossicles
e] Scleral ossicles
Ossicles or “eye bones” are small, overlapping bones encircling the cornea of birds.
