40: General Anatomy Flashcards
Which of the following is not true about antral follicles?
a] In early antral follicles, granulosa cells have a steroid-producing characteristic.
b] Cells in immediate contact of the oocyte form corona radiata.
c] Theca externa are concentrically arranged fibroblast.
d] Oocyte lies within an accumulation of cells called cumulus oophorus.
a] In early antral follicles, granulosa cells have a steroid-producing characteristic.
What structures near the medial canthus of the dorsal and ventral palpebra allow normal amounts of lacrimal secretions to enter the nasolacrimal duct?
a] Nictitating gland
b] Pupils
c] Iridocorneal angle
d] Puncta
e] Limbus
d] Puncta
These are two small openings near the corners of the eyes that allow drainage.
Concerning anatomic features of rats, which of the following statement is least accurate?
a] The stomach is divided into nonglandular and glandular areas.
b] The gallbladder empties into the common bile duct.
c] The olfactory bulbs are large.
d] The incisors grow continuously.
e] The epiphyses do not fuse.
b] The gallbladder empties into the common bile duct.
Rats do not have a gallbladder.
When incised, which tunic differentiates a “closed” castration from an “open” castration?
a] Visceral vaginal tunic
b] Double vaginal tunic
c] Spermatic tunic
d] Parietal vaginal tunic
e] Parietal testicular tunic
d] Parietal vaginal tunic
The parietal vaginal tunic is incised in “open” castrations.
Concerning anatomic features of domestic rabbits, which of the following statements is least accurate?
a] The maxilla contains two pairs of incisors that grow continuously.
b] Rabbits have a large cecum that ends in an appendix.
c] The stomach of a healthy rabbit is never empty.
d] The uterus is bicornuate and has a single cervix.
e] The right atrioventricular valve is bicuspid, rather than tricuspid.
d] The uterus is bicornuate and has a single cervix.
The rabbit uterus contains two cervices.
The brain region which serves as an important regulator of movement without initiating movements itself is the
a] Cerebral cortex.
b] Cerebellum.
c] Habenula.
d] Hypothalamus.
b] Cerebellum.
Which of the following cranial nerves (CN) are involved in the menace response?
a] II and III
b] II and V
c] II and IV
d] II and VII
II and VII
The horse must see the hand (II) and blink his eyelids (VII). CN V is involved in sensation around the eye. CN III controls the pupil and some movements of the globe. CN IV rotates the globe inward and upward (dorsal oblique muscle).
Characteristics of most reptiles do not include which of the following?
a] The presence of a diaphragm
b] The presence of a three-chambered heart
c] The presence of a developed hyoid apparatus
d] The presence of paired reproductive organs
e] The presence of lymphoid aggregates
a] The presence of a diaphragm
Most reptiles do not have a diaphragm
Which of the following statements about Sertoli cells is WRONG?
a] Are elongated cells with irregular outlines and form hemidesmosomes with basal lamina
b] Adjacent Sertoli cells joined by zipper-like tight junctions to form the blood–testis barrier
c] Are evenly spaced within the seminiferous tubule and have euchromatic oval nuclei with a prominent nucleolus
d] None of the above.
d] None of the above.
What are the components of medullary rays in kidneys?
a] Proximal convoluted tubules, proximal straight tubules, collecting ducts
b] Proximal straight tubules, distal convoluted tubules, collecting ducts
c] Distal straight tubules, distal convoluted tubules, collecting ducts
d] Proximal straight tubules, distal straight tubules, collecting ducts
d] Proximal straight tubules, distal straight tubules, collecting ducts
What is the correct order of increasing complexity and decreasing muscularity of the uterine tube?
a] Ampulla, isthmus, infundibulum, fimbria
b] Infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus
c] Isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum
d] Fimbria, infundibulum, isthmus, ampulla
c] Isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum
From dorsal to palmar, which of the following accurately lists the orientation of the tendons and ligaments in the proximal metacarpus?
a] Superficial digital flexor tendon, deep digital flexor tendon, distal check ligament, suspensory ligament
b] Superficial digital flexor tendon, distal check ligament, deep digital flexor tendon, suspensory ligament
c] Superficial digital flexor tendon, deep digital flexor tendon, suspensory ligament, distal check ligament
d] Suspensory ligament, deep digital flexor tendon, distal check ligament, superficial digital flexor tendon
e] Suspensory ligament, distal check ligament, deep digital flexor tendon, superficial digital flexor tendon
e] Suspensory ligament, distal check ligament, deep digital flexor tendon, superficial digital flexor tendon
This is the correct orientation of these structures in the proximal metacarpus.
Choose the MOST CORRECT answer. What are the components of the vascular and neuroepithelial tunics of the eye?
a] Sclera, ciliary body, iris, retina
b] Choroid, ciliary body, iris, retina
c] Choroid, cornea, iris, tapetum lucidum, retina
d] Choroid, cornea, ciliary body, retina
b] Choroid, ciliary body, iris, retina
Which vessels serve as important landmarks for the skin incision used in the lateral approach to salivary-gland resection?
a] Sublingual and submandibular arteries
b] Parotid and maxillary veins
c] Submaxillary and facial veins
d] Maxillary and linguofacial veins
e] Deep mandibular and superficial lacrimal veins
d] Maxillary and linguofacial veins
These veins can be seen after the hair has been shaved and the skin prepared.
Which joints ALWAYS communicate?
a] Tibiotarsal and proximal intertarsal
b] Tarsometatarsal and distal intertarsal
c] Femoropatellar and tibiotarsal
d] Tibiotarsal and distal intertarsal
e] Talocalcaneal and distal intertarsal
a] Tibiotarsal and proximal intertarsal
The inner medulla of kidney does not include which of the following structures?
a] Thin segments of the Loop of Henle
b] Distal straight tubule
c] Collecting duct
d] Vasa recta
b] Distal straight tubule
Which of the following sets of structures are components of the brainstem of the central nervous system?
a] Mesencephalon, pons, medulla oblongata
b] Thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary
c] Cerebellum, gyri, sulci
d] Parathyroid, thyroid, thymus
e] Pituitary, pons, chemoreceptor trigger zone
a] Mesencephalon, pons, medulla oblongata
b], refers to the diencephalon (interbrain) region of the central nervous system.
When performing a laparotomy using an incision through the paralumbar region, which layers are incised, from exterior to interior?
a] Integument, superficial fascia (including cutaneous trunci), external abdominal oblique muscle, and parietal peritoneum
b] Integument, superficial fascia (including cutaneous trunci), external abdominal oblique muscle, transversalis fascia, and parietal peritoneum
c] Integument, cutaneous fascia, superficial fascia, deep fascia, external abdominal oblique muscle, internal abdominal oblique muscle, transverse abdominal muscle, and visceral peritoneum
d] Integument, superficial fascia, cutaneous fascia, deep fascia, internal abdominal oblique muscle, transversalis fascia, external abdominal oblique muscle, and visceral peritoneum
e] Integument, superficial fascia, cutaneous fascia, deep fascia, external abdominal oblique muscle, internal abdominal oblique muscle, transversalis fascia, and parietal peritoneum
e] Integument, superficial fascia, cutaneous fascia, deep fascia, external abdominal oblique muscle, internal abdominal oblique muscle, transversalis fascia, and parietal peritoneum
Parietal peritoneum covers the internal body wall of the abdominal cavity.
What is the name of the cavity between layers of the greater omentum?
a] Omental vestibule
b] Dorsal recess of the omentum
c] Caudal recess of the omental bursa
d] Retroperitoneal recess
c] Caudal recess of the omental bursa
Between the superficial and deep layer of the greater omentum, there is a virtual cavity, the caudal recess of the omental bursa.
Characteristics of normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) include which of the following?
a] Clear, colorless, low in protein, few red blood cells (RBCs)
b] Clear, orange-tinged, low in protein, few RBCs
c] Clear, colorless, high in protein, few RBCs
d] Opaque, colorless, low in protein, few RBCs
e] Opaque, orange-tinged, high in protein, many RBCs
a] Clear, colorless, low in protein, few red blood cells (RBCs)
Normal CSF should be clear and colorless, low in protein, with few RBCs.
What type of cartilage is the ear pinna composed of?
a] Hyaline
b] Fibrous
c] Elastic
d] Globular
e] Articular
Elastic
Hyaline is the most abundant type of cartilage in the body; it is found at the ends of bones and makes up articular cartilage. Fibrous cartilage is found at areas of high compression (intervertebral disks, stifle meniscus). Globular isn’t a type of cartilage.
In which species does the ocular fundus normally have no tapetum?
a] Horses
b] Cattle
c] Sheep
d] Goats
e] Pigs
e] Pigs
Without a tapetum, the porcine fundus appears dark gray. Ruminants and horses have a fibrous tapetum that varies in color from gold to blue-green.
Which of the following statements about the tapetum lucidum is WRONG?
a] The tapetum lucidum is absent in pigs.
b] Cats have much better night vision because their tapetum is well developed and consists of a number of layers of flat polygonal cells that appear brick-like in cross section.
c] In dogs, the tapetum lucidum is fibrous, consisting of intermingling collagen fibers and a few fibrocytes.
d] Zinc is associated with the tapetum rods in both dogs and cats that may contribute to the reflection of light.
c] In dogs, the tapetum lucidum is fibrous, consisting of intermingling collagen fibers and a few fibrocytes.
The pulmonic valve is most readily auscultated at which of the following locations?
a] Left 5th intercostal space, just dorsal to the halfway point between the shoulder and sternum
b] Left 4th intercostal space, just ventral to the point of the shoulder, at the caudal border of the triceps muscle
c] Left 3rd intercostal space, just ventral to the point of the shoulder and deep to the triceps muscle
d] Left 3rd intercostal space, just dorsal to the halfway point between the shoulder and sternum and deep to the triceps muscle
c] Left 3rd intercostal space, just ventral to the point of the shoulder and deep to the triceps muscle
The pulmonic valve is located at the left 3rd intercostal space, just ventral to the point of the shoulder and deep to the triceps muscle.
What structure forms the blood–testis barrier?
a] Tunica albuginea
b] Tight junction between Sertoli cells
c] The gubernaculum
d] The basement membrane of the seminiferous tubules
b] Tight junction between Sertoli cells
The ear is responsible not only for hearing but also for providing information about body equilibrium. Which of the following structures found within the inner ear are responsible for those equilibrium signals?
a] Stapes, incus, malleus
b] Semicircular canals, vestibule
c] Cochlea, semicircular canals
d] Vestibule, Eustachian tube
e] Oval window, round window
b] Semicircular canals, vestibule
The semicircular canals determine dynamic equilibrium signals, and the vestibule determines static equilibrium signals.