41: Dogs & Cats

Question 1

Which of the following is the longest portion of the small intestine in companion animals?

a] Duodenum
b] Pylorus
c] Jejunum
d] Ileum
e] Ileocolic

Answer 1

c] Jejunum

The jejunum is the longest part of the small intestine and fills the midabdomen.

Question 2

To maintain a dog in lateral recumbency, the restrainer must use his or her forearm for which of the following?

a] To exert pressure on the dog’s neck and the side of its head
b] To press down on the top of the dog’s head
c] To exert pressure on the rear leg proximal to the tarsus
d] To press down on the dog’s hindquarters

Answer 2

a] To exert pressure on the dog’s neck and the side of its head

The restrainer uses the forearm nearest to the dog’s head to exert pressure on its neck and the side of its head to keep it immobilized.

Question 3

Which duct/gland’s secretion enables the spermatozoa of dog to become motile?

a] Ductuli efferentes
b] Prostate
c] Ductus epididymidis
d] Vesicular gland

Answer 3

b] Prostate

Question 4

Which of the following is most correct concerning the canine ejaculate?

a] The first small fraction is clear and is the sperm-rich fraction.
b] The second fraction is milky and is sperm rich.
c] The third fraction is clear and is sperm rich.
d] The second fraction is large in volume and contains prostatic fluid.

Answer 4

b] The second fraction is milky and is sperm rich.

Question 5

When looking at a dog’s ventrodorsal abdominal radiograph, what organs are normally found along the left side of the abdomen?

a] Liver, spleen, right kidney
b] Liver, stomach, cecum
c] Cecum, left kidney, pancreas
d] Stomach, liver, ascending colon
e] Spleen, stomach, left kidney

Answer 5

e] Spleen, stomach, left kidney

The liver would cover the cranial portion of the abdomen on the right and left sides. The cecum and ascending colon are on the right side. The pancreas can’t typically be seen unless there’s inflammation or a tumor.

Question 6

Which anatomic structure makes it difficult to cannulate the cervix of the bitch?

a] Urethral orifice
b] Vestibular-vaginal fold
c] Vestibular fornix
d] Cervical rings
e] Dorsal median vaginal fold

Answer 6

e] Dorsal median vaginal fold

The dorsal medial vaginal fold reduces the diameter of the vagina cranial to the cervix and prevents direct cannulation of the cervical os.

Question 7

Of the following veins, which is least likely to be used for intravenous catheterization in cats?

a] Jugular vein and cephalic vein
b] Cephalic vein
c] Lateral saphenous vein
d] Medial saphenous vein
e] Jugular vein and medial saphenous vein

Answer 7

c] Lateral saphenous vein

The lateral saphenous vein is frequently used in dogs. The medial saphenous vein is used in cats.

Question 8

Which of the following estrous stage is matched correctly with the predominant cell type in canine vaginal smear?

a] Estrus → parabasal cells
b] Proestrus → erythrocyte and basal cells
c] Metestrus → intermediate cells and leukocytes
d] Anestrus → cornified cells

Answer 8

c] Metestrus → intermediate cells and leukocytes

Question 9

In dogs and cats, the lateral aspect of the orbit is formed by which of the following?

a] Frontal process of the zygomatic bone
b] Zygomatic process of the frontal bone
c] Supraorbital ligament
d] Temporal bone

Answer 9

c] Supraorbital ligament

They have an “open” 2 orbit not completely encased in bone.

Question 10

Which nerve supplies the extensor muscles of the canine antebrachium?

a] Median nerve
b] Ulnar nerve
c] Radial nerve
d] Musculocutaneous nerve

Answer 10

c] Radial nerve

The extensor muscle of the canine antebrachium is supplied by the deep branch of the radial nerve. The median and ulnar nerves supply the flexor muscles and the digits. The musculocutaneous nerve supplies the biceps, brachialis, and coracobrachialis muscles.

Question 11

What are the odd, visceral branches of the abdominal aorta in dogs?

a] Celiac artery, cranial mesenteric artery, and caudal mesenteric artery
b] Hepatic artery, celiac artery, cranial mesenteric artery, and caudal mesenteric artery
c] Left gastric artery, lienal artery, celiac artery, and cranial and caudal mesenteric artery
d] Celiac artery, cranial mesenteric artery, caudal mesenteric artery, and median sacral artery

Answer 11

a] Celiac artery, cranial mesenteric artery, and caudal mesenteric artery

In dogs, the abdominal viscera is supplied by three odd branches of the abdominal aorta: celiac artery (for the stomach, liver, spleen, left lobe, and cranial part of the right lobe of the pancreas and descending duodenum), cranial mesenteric artery (for the transverse and ascending duodenum, caudal part of the right lobe of the pancreas, small intestines, and ascending and transverse colon), and caudal mesenteric artery (for the descending colon and the cranial part of the rectum).

Question 12

Concerning the teeth of cats, which statement is least accurate?

a] The deciduous incisors are the 1st teeth to erupt and are usually present in kittens by 2 weeks of age.
b] Full deciduous dentition is present by 7 to 8 weeks of age.
c] Full permanent dentition is present by 7 months of age.
d] Cats are diphyodont animals.
e] The upper carnassial tooth is the 1st molar.

Answer 12

e] The upper carnassial tooth is the 1st molar.

The upper 3rd premolar is the carnassial tooth.

Question 13

How many pairs of mammary glands are normally found in cats?

a] 2
b] 3
c] 4
d] 5
e] 6

Answer 13

c] 4

Cats have four pairs of mammary glands.

Question 14

In a laterally recumbent anesthetized dog, systolic arterial pressure is highest in which of the following?

a] Aorta
b] Carotid artery
c] Renal artery
d] Femoral artery
e] Cranial tibial artery

Answer 14

e] Cranial tibial artery

As the pressure wave travels distally, impedance causes the systolic pressure to increase, although mean arterial pressure tends to decrease.

Question 15

In dogs, final maturation of spermatozoa occurs in which of the following?

a] Seminiferous tubule
b] Rete testis
c] Epididymis
d] Vas deferens
e] Seminal vesicles

Answer 15

c] Epididymis

Sperm mature in the epididymis.

Question 16

When performing a physical exam on a healthy, non-overweight dog, which of the following sets of lymph nodes are most easily palpated?

a] Inguinal, mandibular, prescapular
b] Mandibular, popliteal, prescapular
c] Tonsils, popliteal, axillary
d] Prescapular, axillary, inguinal
e] Mandibular, tonsils, prescapular

Answer 16

b] Mandibular, popliteal, prescapular

Besides tonsils, which can’t be palpated, only visualized in the pharyngeal region, the inguinal and axillary lymph nodes can only be palpated if enlarged.

Question 17

A common intramuscular injection site used in cats is the right or left quadriceps muscle group. This site can be located by using which of the following sets of landmarks to appropriately triangulate the correct location for administering the injection?

a] Distal to the ischiatic tuberosity, caudal to the femur, proximal to the stifle
b] Lateral to the lumbar spine, caudal to the last rib, cranial and medial to the iliac crest
c] Distal and cranial to the greater trochanter of the femur, cranial to the femur, proximal to the stifle
d] Ventral to the ligamentum nuchae, cranial to the spine of the scapula, dorsal to the esophageal groove
e] Caudal and medial to the tuber coxae, cranial to the ischiatic tuberosity, proximal/medial to the greater trochanter of the femur

Answer 17

c] Distal and cranial to the greater trochanter of the femur, cranial to the femur, proximal to the stifle

a] would get you to the semitendinosus and semimembranosus; b], to the lumbar epaxial muscles; d], to the cow and horse lateral neck; and e], to the cow and horse gluteal muscles.

Question 18

During bronchoscopic examination of a dog in sternal recumbency, what is the most cranial major bronchus leaving a main-stem bronchus ventrally?

a] Right cranial bronchus
b] Right middle bronchus
c] Right caudal bronchus
d] Left cranial bronchus
e] Left caudal bronchus

Answer 18

a] Right middle bronchus

The right middle bronchus arises from the floor of the right main-stem bronchus. This is part of the reason the right middle lung lobe is so commonly affected in dogs with aspiration pneumonia.

Question 19

Where is the expected location of the cecum on a ventrodorsal radiograph of a dog’s abdomen?

a] Cranial half, to the right of midline, near the 6th lumbar vertebra
b] Cranial half, to the left of midline, near the 2nd lumbar vertebra
c] Cranial half, to the right of midline, near the 2nd lumbar vertebra
d] Cranial half, to the left of midline, near the 6th lumbar vertebra
e] Cranial half, on the midline, near the 4th lumbar vertebra

Answer 19

c] Cranial half, to the right of midline, near the 2nd lumbar vertebra

This accurately describes the normal position of the cecum on ventrodorsal radiographs.

Question 20

A 10-month-old male toy poodle with only one palpable testis in the scrotum is best described as which of the following?

a] Normal
b] A unilateral cryptorchid
c] A freemartin
d] A monorchid
e] Infertile

Answer 20

b] A unilateral cryptorchid

At this age, both testes should be scrotal. This dog may be fertile. Monorchidism refers to agenesis of one testis and is very rare or nonexistent in dogs.

Question 22

In the dog, which of the following teeth have three roots?

a] The maxillary 4th premolar and the maxillary 1st and 2nd molars
b] The maxillary 3rd and 4th premolars and the maxillary 1st and 2nd molars
c] The maxillary 4th premolar and the maxillary 1st, 2nd, and 3rd molars
d] The maxillary 3rd and 4th premolars and the maxillary 1st molars

Answer 22

The maxillary 4th premolar and the maxillary 1st and 2nd molars

There are only three teeth in the dog that have three roots, and these three-rooted teeth are all located in the maxilla. A simple way to remember how many roots the maxillary cheek teeth have is as follows: the 1st maxillary cheek tooth (1st premolar) has one root, the next two (2nd and 3rd premolars) have two roots, and the next three (4th premolar, 1st molar, and 2nd molar) have three roots.

Question 23

What are the odd (nonpaired) visceral branches of the abdominal aorta in dogs?

a] Celiac artery, cranial mesenteric artery, and caudal mesenteric artery
b] Hepatic artery, celiac artery, cranial mesenteric artery, and caudal mesenteric artery
c] Left gastric artery, lineal artery, celiac artery, and cranial and caudal mesenteric artery
d] Celiac artery, cranial mesenteric artery, caudal mesenteric artery, and median sacral artery

Answer 23

a] Celiac artery, cranial mesenteric artery, and caudal mesenteric artery

In dogs, the abdominal viscera is supplied by three odd branches of the abdominal aorta: celiac artery (for the stomach, liver, spleen, left lobe, and cranial part of the right lobe of the pancreas and descending duodenum), cranial mesenteric artery (for the transverse and ascending duodenum, caudal part of the right lobe of the pancreas, small intestines, and ascending and transverse colon), and caudal mesenteric artery (for the descending colon and the cranial part of the rectum).