44.4 solute gradient and water conservation

Question 1

filtrate passing form bowman’s capsule to proximal tubule has osmolarity

Answer 1

300mOsm/L

Question 2

what happens in the proximal tubule to the osmolairty

Answer 2

water and salt are reabsorbed

• volume decreases
• osmolarity stays the same

Question 3

descending loop of Henle–osmolarity

Answer 3

increases

-cuz water is reabsorbed

Question 4

highest osmolarity is at where

Answer 4

the elbow of the Henle

-12,00 mOsm/L

Question 5

ascending Henle–osmolarity

Answer 5

decreases

-cuz the NaCl reabsorbed

Question 6

countercurrent multiplier systems

Answer 6

expend energy to create concentration gradients

Question 7

counter current multiplier system in the Henle function what

Answer 7

they make high salt concentration in the inner kidney allowing it to make concentrated urine

Question 8

what allow the vasa recta to supply the kidney with nutrients and other important substances carried by the blood without interfering with the osmolarity gradient (that makes the kidneys excrete concentrated urine)

Answer 8

in the Henle loop

• descending loses water and gains NaCl
• ascending gains water and loses salt

Question 9

collecting duct

Answer 9

• permeable to water
• impermeable to salt
• water is lost on the way down
• urea diffuses a little in the end
• which makes the inner medulla higher osmolarity

Question 10

what makes the salt stay in the urine until it is excreted

Answer 10

the end urine is isomotic to the inner medulla, but hyper osmotic to the rest of the body

-so salts stay in it