4.4.2 Reactions of acids Flashcards
What do acids react with to produce salts and hydrogen?
Acids react with some metals to produce salts and hydrogen.
What type of reactions occur when acids react with metals?
These are redox reactions involving gain or loss of electrons.
Which metals should students know reactions for with hydrochloric and sulfuric acids?
Students should know reactions for magnesium, zinc, and iron.
What do acids produce when neutralised by alkalis and bases?
Acids are neutralised by alkalis and bases to produce salts and water.
What additional products are formed when acids react with metal carbonates?
Salts, water, and carbon dioxide are produced.
What determines the particular salt produced in acid-base reactions?
The acid used and the positive ions in the base, alkali, or carbonate.
How can soluble salts be made from acids?
By reacting them with solid insoluble substances like metals, metal oxides, hydroxides, or carbonates.
What is the process for producing a solution of salt from an acid?
The solid is added to the acid until no more reacts, then the excess solid is filtered off.
What is the pH scale?
The pH scale, from 0 to 14, measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
What pH value indicates a neutral solution?
A solution with pH 7 is neutral.
What ions do acids produce in aqueous solutions?
Acids produce hydrogen ions (H+).
What ions do alkalis contain in aqueous solutions?
Aqueous solutions of alkalis contain hydroxide ions (OH–).
What happens in neutralisation reactions between acids and alkalis?
Hydrogen ions react with hydroxide ions to produce water.
What is the purpose of titration in chemistry?
To measure the volumes of acid and alkali solutions that react with each other.
What type of acids and alkalis should be used in titrations?
Strong acids and strong alkalis only (sulfuric, hydrochloric, and nitric acids).
What defines a strong acid?
A strong acid is completely ionised in aqueous solution.
What are examples of strong acids?
Hydrochloric, nitric, and sulfuric acids.
What defines a weak acid?
A weak acid is only partially ionised in aqueous solution.
What are examples of weak acids?
Ethanoic, citric, and carbonic acids.
How does the strength of an acid relate to pH?
The stronger an acid, the lower the pH for a given concentration.
What happens to hydrogen ion concentration as pH decreases?
As pH decreases by one unit, the hydrogen ion concentration increases by a factor of 10.
