4.3.3 Yield and atom economy of chemical reactions Flashcards
What is percentage yield?
Percentage yield compares the actual yield of a product to the maximum theoretical yield of a chemical reaction.
Why might a reaction not achieve 100% yield?
The reaction may not go to completion because it is reversible. Some product may be lost during separation from the reaction mixture. Reactants may undergo side reactions, producing unintended products.
What is the formula for percentage yield?
Percentage Yield = (Mass of product actually made / Maximum theoretical mass of product) × 100
What skills are needed to calculate percentage yield?
Understanding decimal form, ratios, fractions, and percentages. Using significant figures. Changing the subject of an equation.
(HT Only) How do you calculate the theoretical mass of a product?
Use the balanced chemical equation and the given mass of the reactants to calculate the theoretical mass.
What is atom economy?
Atom economy measures how efficiently a reaction converts reactants into useful products.
Why is atom economy important?
It supports sustainable development and minimizes waste for economic and environmental benefits.
What is the formula for atom economy?
Percentage Atom Economy = (Relative formula mass of desired product / Sum of relative formula masses of all reactants) × 100
What skills are needed to calculate atom economy?
Understanding how to use a balanced chemical equation. Evaluating reaction pathways based on atom economy, yield, rate, equilibrium position, and the usefulness of by-products.
(HT Only) How do you decide the best reaction pathway to produce a product?
Consider atom economy, yield, rate, equilibrium position, and the usefulness of by-products.
How does atom economy contribute to sustainability?
High atom economy reduces waste, making processes more efficient and environmentally friendly.
