4.4

Question 1

First part of the Cell Cycle

Answer 1

Interphase

Question 2

This is ordinary, everyday growth, activity, or repair of the cell.

Answer 2

G1 (Primary or “first” growth)

Question 3

The DNA replicates or is synthesized during this phase.

Answer 3

S (synthesis)

Question 4

The cell and organelles mainly enlarge or replicate.

Answer 4

G2 (Secondary or “second” growth)

Question 5

This is the loose state of DNA. It is like looking at a bowl of spaghetti noodles (without the sauce). The DNA “noodles” can be moved around to find the gene segment of interest for Protein Synthesis.

Answer 5

Chromatin

Question 6

This is the tightly coiled state of DNA. It looks like a corkscrew shaped pasta noodle. These are for dividing equally and easily. (Have you ever tried to divide a bowl of spaghetti noodles 100% equally?)

Answer 6

Chromosomes – this is the tightly coiled state of DNA. It looks like a corkscrew shaped pasta noodle. These are for dividing equally and easily. (Have you ever tried to divide a bowl of spaghetti noodles 100% equally?)

Question 7

This term refers to half of a replicated chromosome.

Answer 7

Sister Chromatids (“Tid” means “portion”; Portion of the whole “replicated” chromosome)

Question 8

The two halves are held together at the ___________ (means “center unit”), which is a group of proteins.

Answer 8

centromere

Question 9

Means “nucleus division” (First divide the DNA; then secondly the cytoplasm.)

Answer 9

Mitosis

Question 10

Nuclear envelope is broken down and rearranged to make the spindle apparatus.
The chromatin condenses to form “X” shaped chromosomes. (two chromatids)
Centrioles move toward the poles. (In animal cells only…plants use the cell wall.)

Answer 10

Prophase

Question 11

The replicated chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate (Middle of cell).
The spindle apparatus attaches to the kinetochore (a part of the centromere) and centrioles (the anchors).

Answer 11

Metaphase

Question 12

Replicated chromosomes are pulled apart into sister chromatids and each chromatid moves toward opposite poles (ends) of the cell.

Answer 12

Anaphase (“ana” means “separate”)

Question 13

The nuclear envelope is rebuilt by using broken down spindle apparatus pieces.
The chromatids begin to return back to their chromatin state.
A cleavage furrow (indent) begins to form using actin and myosin microfilaments.

Answer 13

Telophase

Question 14

The cytoplasm and cell organelles are separated to produce two daughter cells.

Answer 14

Cytokinesis (Cleavage means “split”) (This is the division of the cytoplasm.)

Question 15

In cells with a cell wall

Answer 15

Cell Plate

Question 16

Life of the cell

Answer 16

Cell Cycle