4.3 Digestion in Humans and other mammals

Question 1

Where is bio produced in humans?

Answer 1

liver

Question 2

Where is bio accepted into the body?

Answer 2

Gal Bladder through Small intestine

Question 3

A series of specialized regions (mouth, pharynx, stomach etc.) are controlled by…

Answer 3

Nervous and Endocrine Systems

Question 4

Eight essential amino acids

Answer 4

Lysine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, threonine, valine, methionine, leucine, isoleucine

Question 5

Essential fatty acids

Answer 5

Linoleum and linolenic acid (synthesis of phospholipids)

Question 6

Two types of vitamins

Answer 6

Water soluble (hydrophilic) and fat soluble (hydrophobic)

Question 7

What type of vitamins does the body store?

Answer 7

Fat soluble

Question 8

Mucosa

Answer 8

Lines the inside of the gut, has gastric pits containing gastric glands

Question 9

Epithelial cells

Answer 9

Absorb digested nutrients, seal off digestive contents from rest of the body

Question 10

Glandular cells

Answer 10

Secrete enzymes , lubricating mucus that aids digestion and adjust pH of digestive contents

Question 11

Stretch receptors

Answer 11

Stimulate secretion of gastric juice and lubricating mucus

Question 12

Chief cells

Answer 12

Secrete pepsinogen

Question 13

Parietal cells

Answer 13

Secrete H+ and Cl-

Question 14

Mucous Cells

Answer 14

Secrete alkaline mucus that protects stomach lining

Question 15

Chyme

Answer 15

Partially digested mixture of food in gastric juices

Question 16

pyloric Sphincter

Answer 16

Contractions of the stomach wall move chyme through pyloric sphincter into small intestine

Question 17

Where is gastrine produced, what is it’s function

Answer 17

Lining of the stomach and upper small intestine

Question 18

most absorption and digestion is completed in the…

Answer 18

Small intestine

Question 19

Intestinal villi

Answer 19

Finger like projections made up of cells that line the small intestine

Question 20

Exocrine cells

Answer 20

Secrete substances through ducts in the body

Question 21

The liver secretes ___

Answer 21

Bicarbonate ions (bile)

Question 22

What allows fats to be emulsified>

Answer 22

Bile salts form a hydrophilic coating around fats

Question 23

Lipase

Answer 23

A pancreatic enzyme, hydrolyses the fats

Question 24

What do Disaccharides break:

Answer 24

Maltose, lactose, sucrose

Question 25

What do Aminopeptidases do?:

Answer 25

Hydrolyze small peptides to individual amino acids

Question 26

Nucleotidases break __

Answer 26

Nucleic acids into nucleosides

Question 27

Nucleosidases convert __

Answer 27

Nucleosides to nitrogenous bases, 5-carbon sugars and phosphates

Question 28

Cellular waste ends up ___

Answer 28

In the bloodstream

Question 29

Chylomicrons

Answer 29

small droplets covered by a protien coat

Question 30

Hepatic portal vein

Answer 30

Carries blood from the intestines, gallbladder, pancreas and spleen and delivers it to the liver

Question 31

Liver synthesizes ___

Answer 31

Lipoproteins

Question 32

Lipoproteins functions in the liver

Answer 32

Cholesterol and fats, detoxifies ethyl alcohol and other toxic molecules, inactivates steroid hormones

Question 33

Cecum

Answer 33

Pouch that receives undigested food (first region of the large intestine)

Question 34

The appendix

Answer 34

A place to store healthy gut bacteria (extends from cenum

Question 35

Colon

Answer 35

Cecum merges with colon

Question 36

Chemoreceptors

Answer 36

Detect changes in the chemical composition of the blood

Question 37

Secretin

Answer 37

Inhibits gastric emptying and acid production in the stomach

Question 38

Cholecystokinin

Answer 38

Inhibits gastric activities and stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes

Question 39

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide

Answer 39

Stimulates the pancreas to release insulin, this stimulates uptake and storage of glucose