3.3 Lipids

Question 1

Lipids are water…

Answer 1

Insoluble

Question 2

Lipids are (polar/nonpolar)

Answer 2

Nonpolar

Question 3

Lipids are composed mostly of

Answer 3

hydrocarbons (C, H)

Question 4

What are three common types of lipids?

Answer 4

Neutral Lipids, Phospholipids, Steroids

Question 5

What are neutral lipids used for?

Answer 5

They are stored and used as an energy source

Question 6

Where are phospholipids located?

Answer 6

cell membranes

Question 7

What are steroids also known as and what do they do?

Answer 7

Hormones that serve to regulate cellular activities

Question 8

Neutral Lipids are (Polar/Nonpolar)

Answer 8

Nonpolar (no charged groups)

Question 9

Two types of Neutral lipids

Answer 9

Oils (liq) and Fats (semisolid)

Question 10

What is a fatty acid made out of?

Answer 10

A single hydrocarbon and a carboxyl group (allows it to combine and form for complex molecules)

Question 11

Why are fats able to store so much energy?

Answer 11

Because of the high amount of C-H bonds

Question 12

How are Tryglycerides formed?

Answer 12

Dehydration Synthesis between 3-carbon glycerol and 3 fatty acid side chains

Question 13

What type of bond is formed in a triglyceride?

Answer 13

Covalent bond (ester linkage) that forms between the (-COOH group and -OH group)

Question 14

2 types of fatty acids

Answer 14

Saturated and unsaturated

Question 15

Types of bonds in a saturated acid

Answer 15

Single

Question 16

Monosaturated

Answer 16

Fatty acids with one double bond

Question 17

Polysaturated

Answer 17

Fatty acids with more than one double bond

Question 18

How many hydrogens do saturated fatty acids bind too?

Answer 18

The maximum

Question 19

What is the key difference between unsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids?

Answer 19

Contain a “kink” located at a double bond, and are more fluid at biological temperatures

Question 20

Saturated Fatty acid example

Answer 20

Butter

Question 21

Unsaturated fatty acids example

Answer 21

Olive Oil

Question 22

Function of Triglycerides

Answer 22

Energy reserves, insulation for the body

Question 23

How are waxes formed?

Answer 23

Fatty acids combine with long chain alcohols or hydrocarbons

Question 24

Characteristics of waxes

Answer 24

Harder and less greasy than fats

Question 25

Primary function of Phospholipids

Answer 25

Cell membranes

Question 26

Most common phospholipid

Answer 26

Glycerol backbone linked to 2 fatty acid chains and a polar phosphate group, linked to another polar group

Question 27

Key feature of phospholipids

Answer 27

The end is nonpolar and hydrophobic (fatty acid) and the other end is polar and hydrophilic (phosphate group)

Question 28

Phospholipid Bilayer

Answer 28

A film of phospholipids two molecules thick (cell membranes)

Question 29

How do phospholipids arrange themselves in a bilayer

Answer 29

The polar groups face the surrounding water molecules at the surfaces of the bilayer, while the hydrocarbon chains form a hydrophobic interior.

Question 30

The framework of steroids

Answer 30

Four carbon rings

Question 31

Most common steroid and it’s shape

Answer 31

Sterols - one polar OH group linked to one end of the ring framework and a nonpolar hydrocarbon chain at the other end.

Question 32

____control development, behavior and many internal biochemical processes

Answer 32

Steroid Hormones

Question 33

How is water allowed in the cell?

Answer 33

The bilayer of phospholipids (hydrophobic tails are on the interior) allow the cell to have water inside because their are hydrophilic tails

Question 34

Other Lipid Types

Answer 34

Glycolipid - Lipid + Carbohydrate
Lipoprotien - Lipid + Protien
Pigments - Chlorophills, carotenoids

Question 35

Amphipathic

Answer 35

Hydrophilic Head, Hydrophobic Tail

Question 36

Protocells

Answer 36

Phospholipid bilayer with organic molecules inside