4.1 Nutrition

Question 1

Nutrition Definition

Answer 1

Processes by which food is ingested, digested, and absorbed into body cells and fluids

Question 2

Ingestion

Answer 2

Is the feeding method used to take food into the digestive cavity

Question 3

Assimilation

Answer 3

Once the material is absorbed it must assimilate throughout the organism

Question 4

Digestion

Answer 4

The splitting of molecules into chemical subunits small enough to be absorbed into an animals body fluids and cells

Question 5

Herbivores

Answer 5

Only plant eating

Question 6

Carnivores

Answer 6

Eat other animals

Question 7

Omnivores

Answer 7

Eat both plants and animals

Question 8

Condition when the intake of fuel is inadequate

Answer 8

Undernutrition (form of malnutrition)

Question 9

Condition caused by an excess of specific nutrients

Answer 9

Overnutrition

Question 10

What organic molecules can animals not produce?

Answer 10

Certain amino acids and essential fatty acids (must be obtained through diet)

Question 11

Vitamins

Answer 11

Organic Molecules required in small quantities that an animal cannot synthesize.

Question 12

Essential Minerals

Answer 12

Required inorganic elements

Question 13

Essential Nutrients

Answer 13

Essential amino acids , fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals

Question 14

Coenzymes

Answer 14

Nonprotein organic units that assist in enzymatic catalysis

Question 15

Examples of Essential minerals

Answer 15

Calcium, Iron, Magnesium

Question 16

Enzymatic Hydrolysis

Answer 16

The breakdown of a compound in the presence of enzymes following it’s reaction with water

Question 17

Amylases

Answer 17

Hydrolysis Starches

Question 18

Lipases

Answer 18

Hydrolyze fats and other lipids

Question 19

Proteases

Answer 19

Hydrolyze proteins

Question 20

Nucleases

Answer 20

Hydrolyze nucleic acids

Question 21

Intracellular digestion

Answer 21

Breakdown of complex food to simple form inside the cellular cytoplasm

Question 22

Endocytosis

Answer 22

How cells absorb food particles

Question 23

Exocytosis

Answer 23

A process by which the cells move undigested materials from within the cell to extra cellular fluid

Question 24

Extracellular Digestion

Answer 24

Food is broken down by outside body cell, in a pouch or tube that is enclosed within the body.

Question 25

Gastrovascular Cavity

Answer 25

A primitive structure responsible for both digestion and transport of nutrients (intracellular). Food and waste come out the same opening.

Question 26

Digestive Tract

Answer 26

Digestive content move in one direction, two openings, one for ingestion and one for excretion

Question 27

Lumen

Answer 27

Inside of digestive tube

Question 28

Solid waste vs cellular waste

Answer 28

Solid waste - materials that are ingested but not needed are compacted and pooped out Cellular waste - materials cells do not use are forced out of the cell and into the blood