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CPR II Exam III > (4.3) Cardiac Pulmonary and Renal Pediatric Pearls 1 [CIS-Newman] > Flashcards

(4.3) Cardiac Pulmonary and Renal Pediatric Pearls 1 [CIS-Newman] Flashcards

1
Q

Define:

Cardiopulmonary emergency

A

Absence of effective ventilation, circulation or BOTH

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2
Q

What are the 3 components of cardiopulmonary arrest in children?

A
  1. Respiratory (O2)
  2. Cardiac (Pump, perfusion, BP)
  3. Circulatory volume (perfusion, BP)
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3
Q

Cardiac arrest in infants and children does not usually result from …

A

PRIMARY CARDIAC CAUSE

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4
Q

Typically, what is cardiac arrest in children the result of?

A

Progressive respiratory failure or shock

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5
Q

What is PALS?

A

Pediatric advanced life support

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6
Q

Pediatric cardiopulmonary arrest could arise from?

A
  • Respiratory failure
  • Cardiac failure
  • Endocrinopathy
  • Trauma
  • Infection
  • Renal failure
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7
Q

MOST pediatric arrests are?

A

Respiratory

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8
Q

Describe what you are attentive to with the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT):

A

Appearance

Breathing

Circulation

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9
Q

When do you use the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT)?

A

FIrst, from the door, general assessment

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10
Q

What is the overal demeanor of a child in respiratory distress?

A
  • Restlessness
  • Anxiety
  • Combativeness
  • Somnolence
  • Lethargy
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11
Q

What is the overal tone of a child in respiratory distress with a REASSURING prognosis?

A

Vigorous movement and good tone

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12
Q

What is the overal tone of a child in respiratory distress with a BAD prognosis?

A

Poor tone

Lethargy

Listlessness

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13
Q

What is a reassuring vs NOT reassuring visualization of the interactions of the child?

A

Reassuring: Somewhat playful, interacting w/ parent/caregiver/care provider

NOT reassuring: Not interacting with others, won’t play with toys

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14
Q

What can consolability reveal about the state of the child’s health?

A

NOT consolable = VERY sick child

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15
Q

Describe the look/gaze of a child that is very hypoxic

A

Eyes “rolling around”

Unfocused gaze indicateds decreased level of consciousness

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16
Q

What would the speech/cry be like for a healthy vs very sick child?

A

Relatively healthy = Loud cry/strong voice

Sick = Hoarse, muffled, weak and NO cry

17
Q

What is the initial response to respiratory compromise?

A

Tachypnea

18
Q

What is an OMINOUS sign in the setting of respiratory compromise?

A

The development of slower, irregular respiratory pattern

19
Q

What are some physical findings that indicate respiratory distress?

A
  • Nasal flare
  • Intercostal retractions
  • Rocking respiration
  • Stridor
  • Diffuse/localized wheeze
  • Grunting
  • Accessory muscle involvement
  • Decreased breath sounds
  • Tripod/leaning forward position
20
Q

Stridor is most prominent with inspiration or expiration?

A

Inspiration

21
Q

Describe

Wheezing

A

Squeaking noise made by air passing though narrowed tacheobronchial airways

22
Q

Describe

Rales

A

Moist sounds heard upon auscultation resulting from air passing through narrowed bronchi

23
Q

When is grunting most prominent, inspiration or expiration?

A

Expiration

24
Q

What are the major signs in the skin exam that reveal respiratory distress?

A
  • Decreased perfusion
  • Cooling of the skin
  • Pale, mottled, cool or ashen skin
25
Q

What is a normal cap refill time?

A

Less than 2 seconds

26
Q

What will you see both initially and after prolonged period in the heart rate of a respiratory distress pt?

A

Initially = Tachycardia

After prolonged period = Bradycardia

27
Q

What are the ABCDE’s of evaluating respiratory distress?

A

A= airway

B= breathing

C=circulation

D=Disability (depressed consciousness, unresponsiveness)

E=exposure

28
Q

What are examples of immediately life threatening conditions?

A
  • Severe upper airway obstruction
  • Tension pneumothorax
  • Cardiac tamponade
  • Pulmonary embolism
29
Q

What is Beck’s triad?

A

Triad of symptoms that is highly suggestive of cardiac tamponade

  • JVD
  • Muffled cardiac sounds
  • Hypotension
30
Q

Are pulmonary emboli common in children?

A

NO

31
Q

What are some OTHER potential causes of respiratory distress in kids?

A
  • Infections
  • Retropharyngeal and peritonsillar abscesses
  • Croup
  • Epiglottitis
  • Bronchiolitis
  • Pneumonia
  • Asthma
  • Anaphylaxis
  • Forgein body
  • Chest wall abnormalities
32
Q

What is the most frequent cause of bronchiolitis?

A

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

33
Q

What are the characteristics of RSV?

A

URI symptoms

34
Q

What is the most common cause of pneumonia in children?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

35
Q

What is the treatment for anaphylaxis?

A

Epinephrine

36
Q

If an allergy is reported, what do you ALWAYS have to ask?

A

ALWAYS ASK WHAT HAPPENS WHEN EXPOSED TO THE ALLERGEN

37
Q

What is a SERIOUS choking hazard that could cause erosions in the mucosa?

A

Button batteries

38
Q

Children that have developmental delays will decompensate much ______ than normally developed children

A

Children that have developmental delays will decompensate much QUICKER than normally developed children

39
Q

What does sickle cell disease with sudden onset RD, chest pain, new infiltrate on CXR and fever lead you to think of?

A

Acute chest syndrome

CPR II Exam III (14 decks)

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