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Organic Chemistry Year 12 > 4.2.3 Organic Synthesis > Flashcards

4.2.3 Organic Synthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

what can alkanes form

A

only haloalkanes

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2
Q

what is the reaction for alkane to haloalkane

A
  • add halogen
  • UV light
  • free radical substitution!
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3
Q

what can alkenes form

A

alkanes (hydrogenation)
alcohols (hydration)
haloalkanes (electrophilic addition)

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4
Q

what is the reaction for alkenes to alkanes

A
  • add H2
  • Ni catalyst, 473K/330C, high pressure
  • hydrogenation
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5
Q

what is the reaction for alkenes to haloalkanes

A
  • add hydrogen halide
  • room temperature
  • electrophilic addition!
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6
Q

what is the reaction of alkenes to alcohols

A
  • steam/ H2O(g)
  • H3PO4 catalyst
  • hydration
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7
Q

what can haloalkanes form

A

alcohols

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8
Q

what is the reaction of haloalkanes to alcohols

A
  • add sodium hydroxide NaOH(aq)
  • heat under reflux
  • nucleophilic substitution/ hydrolysis!
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9
Q

what things can alcohols form

A
  • haloalkanes
  • alkenes
  • oxidation products: carboxylic acids, ketones and aldehydes
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10
Q

reaction for alcohol to alkene

A
  • acid catalysT (H2SO4/H3PO4)
  • heat under reflux
  • elimination/dehydration
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11
Q

reaction for alcohols to haloalkanes

A
  • add hydrogen halide in situ (made from adding sodium halide and dilute H2SO4)
  • heat under reflux
  • substitution
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12
Q

how do you get from alcohol to carboxylic acid

A
  • primary alcohol
  • K2Cr2O7/H2SO4
  • heat under reflux
  • oxidation
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13
Q

how do you get from an alcohol to aldehyde

A
  • primary alcohol
    -K2Cr2O7/H2SO4
  • heat to distil
  • oxidation
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14
Q

how do you get from alcohol to ketone

A
  • secondary alcohol
  • K2Cr2O7/H2SO4
  • heat under reflux
  • oxidation
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15
Q

all ways you can make haloalkanes

A
  • alkane + UV + halogen
  • alkene + halogen halide + room temp
  • alcohol + hydrogen halide in situ + under reflux
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16
Q

all the ways you can make alkenes

A
  • just dehydration of alcohols (elimination)
  • under reflux and acid catalyst
17
Q

all the ways you can make alkane

A
  • just hydrogenation of alkenes
  • add H2 over Ni catalyst at 330C
18
Q

all the ways you can make an alcohol

A
  • hydration of alkenes, adding steam and a H3PO4 catalyst
  • hydrolysis of haloalkanes, with NaOH, under reflux

Organic Chemistry Year 12 (7 decks)

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