4.1.1 Basic Concepts Flashcards
what is a hydrocarbon
a compound containing only carbon and hydrogen
what is a saturated hydrocarbon
a hydrocarbon containing only C-C double bonds
what is an unsaturated hydrocarbon
a hydrocarbon containing at least 1 C to C double bond
-C=C
-C=-C
what is a homologous series
a series of organic compounds with the same functional group, but each successive member differing by a CH2
what is a functional group
part of the organic molecule responsible for its chemical reactions
what is an aliphatic hydrocarbon
molecule containing carbon atoms joined together in straight or branched chains
what is an alicyclic hydrocarbon
molecule containing carbons joined together in a ring, with or without branches
what is an aromatic hydrocarbons
a molecule containing at least 1 benzene ring
who determines how hydrocarbons are named
IUPAC
what are the prefixes of hydrocarbons
meth
eth
pro
but
pent
hex
hept
oct
non
dec
how do you name aliphatic hydrocarbons
1) suffix is always -ane
2) count # of carbons in the longest chain (if multiple, use one with most branches)
3) account for any side chains, called alkyl groups, (methyl, ethyl…)
4) name the alkyl groups, making sure to use the smallest number for C possible
5) add di, tri, tetra before prefix for multiple alkyl groups as well
- e.g. 2,2-dimethylhexane
how do you name alicyclic alkanes
add prefix cyclo- before stem
how do you name alkenes
- use number to indicate position of C=C
- e.g. but-1-ene
what is the alcohol functional group and how is it named
-OH
- add suffix -ol (prefix + an + ol)
- name which carbon the OH is on
- e.g. butan-1-ol
what is the aldehyde functional group and how is it named
-COH (C=O and C-H)
- add suffix -al
- no need to number as always on end branch (CARBON 1 IS ALWAYS ALDEHYDE CARBON)
- e.g. propanal