4.2.2 Haloalkanes

Question 1

3 examples of nucleophiles?

Answer 1

Cyanide, ammonia, hydroxide

Question 2

ionic equation for bromomethane + sodium hydroxide: ionic

Answer 2

Ch3br + oh- = ch3oh + br-

Question 3

What is the name of the mechanism for haloalkanes, reagents and conditions?

Answer 3

Nucleophilic substitution
hot aqueous sodium or potassium hydroxide
heat under reflux

Question 4

what is hydrolosis?

Answer 4

The breaking down of a molecule using water / aqueous alkali

Question 5

Reagents and conditions for hydrolosis of the haloalkanes?

Answer 5

Reagent: Aqueous silver nitrate (AgNO₃) in ethanol
Conditions: Heat gently

Question 6

Briefly outline how you would compare the reaction rates

Answer 6

1) add the silver nitrate to the ethanol
2) warm/ heat in water bathe
3)add same amount of each halogen
4)the precipitate formed goes cloudy
5) monitor rate of precipitate formed

Question 7

we warmed the halo alkane with aq silver nitrate with ethanol added so what is the purpose of water in this method?

Answer 7

To produce the OH- ion which will act as a nucleophile

Question 8

why do we use ethanol in this method?

Answer 8

To allow the agno3 to mix.

Question 9

What determines the rate of hydrolysis of the haloalkanes and which bond is strongest?

Answer 9

Bond enthalpy
C-Cl (if C-F is not there)