4.2.1 Alcohols Flashcards
what is a benzene ring with oh group called?
phenol
what makes alcohols polar molecules.
The O is more electronegative then H
not a symmetrical molecule
dipoles do not cancel out
what are the two main properties that you need to explain in terms of polarity and hydrogen bonding?
1) the volatility - ability of a substance to turn into a gas.
2)solubility
Why does the first four members of alcohols in the homologues series are liquids whereas alkanes are gasses.
Alcohols have ldf and hydrogen bonding but the hydrogen bonding is stronger then the weaker ldf in alkanes
why is ethanol 1,2 diol less volatile then ethanal
more oh groups
stronger hydrogen bonding
which is more soluble ethane or ethanol
Ethanol is more soluble as it has oh group which are polar. The O is more electronegative then H which forms a hydrogen bond to the oh group.
reagent for oxidation of alcohols
acidified potassium dichromate 5
conditions for oxidation of alcohols?
Heat under reflux or distillation
Colour change when oxidation has occurred?
Orange - green
what is the conditions for the partial oxidation for primary alcohols?
distillation
In the partial oxidation of primary alcohols, what does alcohols turn into or form?
primary alcohols to aldehydes
possible errors for distillation for partial oxidation?
Its a closed system
water in and out wrong way
thermometer at eye level
Conditions needed for the complete oxidation of primary alcohols?
Heat under reflux
What does alcohols turn into in the complete oxidation of primary alcohols?
primary alcohols top carboxylic acids
What does the complete oxidation of secondary alcohol forms?
secondary alcohols - ketones
How any oxygens does the partial oxidation of primary alcohols need?
1
How any oxygens does the complete oxidation of primary alcohols need?
2
How any oxygens does the complete oxidation of secondary alcohols need?
1
What happens to tertiary alcohols when they are oxidised further?
They stay orange as they are resistant to oxidation.
