4.2.1- Biodiversity

Question 1

Explain what habitat biodiversity is.

Answer 1

The range of habitats in which different species live- for example; dunes and woodland.

Question 2

Explain what genetic biodiversity is.

Answer 2

A variation found within the different individuals within a species. Genetic variation can led to the creation of different breeds within a species.

Question 3

What are the three different categories of biodiversity?

Answer 3

Habitat, genetic and species biodiversity.

Question 4

Explain what species biodiversity is.

Answer 4

The range of organisms going within a habitat.

Question 5

What are the four different types of sampling?

Answer 5

Random, opportunistic (NR), Systematic (NR) and Stratified (NR).

Question 6

What are the three different types of non random sampling?

Answer 6

Systematic
Stratified
Opportunistic

Question 7

Explain what random sampling is and how it can be carried out.

Answer 7

It uses randomly selected sites within the habitat that are either found by using randomly generated numbers as coordinates for the samples, or possible selecting coordinates from a map and using a Global Positioning Satellite system to find the position in the habitat.

Question 8

Explain the advantage that using random sampling brings.

Answer 8

It ensures that the data being used are not biased by selective sampling.

Question 9

Explain a disadvantage of using random sampling.

Answer 9

It may not cover all of the areas within the habitat equally. Species with a low presence may be missed and this can lead to a biodiversity underestimate.

Question 10

Explain what opportunistic sampling is and how it can be carried out.

Answer 10

When the researcher makes sampling decisions based on prior knowledge or during the data collection process. The researcher may purposely select a sample area that they know contains a particular species.

Question 11

What is an advantage of using opportunistic sampling?

Answer 11

It is easier and quicker to do that random sampling.

Question 12

Explain the disadvantages of using opportunistic sampling.

Answer 12

It may give biased data as the presence of a species may entice the researcher to use this as their sampling area, which may lead to an overestimate of its presence an therefore an overestimate of biodiversity.

Question 13

Explain what stratified sampling is and how it can be carried out.

Answer 13

It divides a habitat into different areas that appear different and samples each area separately.

Question 14

Explain the advantages is using stratified sampling.

Answer 14

It ensures different areas of a habitat are sampled and therefore some species are not under represented, which is what may happen using random sampling.

Question 15

Explain a disadvantage is using stratified sampling.

Answer 15

There’s a possibility this may lead to an over representation of some species in the sample areas. May again lead to an overestimate of biodiversity.

Question 16

explain what systematic sampling is and how it can be used.

Answer 16

When samples are taken at fixes intervals across a habitat with the use of a line transect or a belt transect.

Question 17

Define what biodiversity is.

Answer 17

A measure of the variation found within the organisms of the living world. Sub divided into habitat, species and genetic biodiversity.

Question 18

Explain an advantage of using systematic sampling to test for biodiversity.

Answer 18

It is particularly useful when a habitat shows a clear gradient in an environmental factor- e.g. Getting drier the further from a pond you go.

Question 19

Explain a disadvantage of using systematic sampling.

Answer 19

Only the species within the belt can be recorded- this may lead to some species being missed and an underestimate of biodiversity being taken.

Question 20

Explain what sampling is.

Answer 20

Selecting a small portion of a habitat and studying that carefully.

Question 21

It is important that samples taken from a habitat are _________ of the sample site (habitat).

Answer 21

Representative