4.2.1 alcohols Flashcards
what is the general formula for an alcohol
Cn H2n+1 OH
what is a primary alcohol
the carbon the OH only has one alkyl groups
what is a secondary alcohol
the carbon the OH has two alkyl groups
what is a hydrogen bond
when the slightly positive H atoms are attracted to the lone pairs on other molecules
what is a tertiary alcohol
the carbon the OH has three alkyl groups
why is the OH group polar
the oxygen is more electronegative so it draws electron density away from the hydrogen which gives it a slightly positive charge
what reagents/conditions are needed to form haloalkanes from alcohols
halide ions (NaBr)
acid (H2SO4)
what kind of reaction is the formation of haloalkanes from alcohols
electrophilic substitution
what reagents/conditions are needed to form alkenes from alcohols
acid catalyst (conc H2SO4)
heat
what kind of reaction is the formation of alkenes from alcohols
elimination
why do multiple products form from the reaction forming alkenes from alcohols
E/Z isomers can form depending on which side of the OH group the H is eliminated from
what are primary alcohols oxidised into
aldehydes and then carboxylic acids
what is the combustion of alcohols
it oxidises them into carbon dioxide and water
what are tertiary alcohols oxidised into
they cant be oxidised further
what are secondary alcohols oxidised into
ketones
