4.1.1 basic concepts of organic chemistry Flashcards
what is the general formula
an algebraic formula that can describe any member of a family of compounds
what is the empirical formula
the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
what is the molecular formula
the actual number of atoms from each element
what is the structural formula
shows the arrangement of atoms carbon by carbon
what is the skeletal formula
show the bonds of the carbon skeleton only with any functional groups
what is the displayed formula
shows how all the atoms are arranged with all the bonds between them
what is an aromatic compound
aromatic compounds contain a carbon ring
what is a homologous series
a group of organic compounds that have the same functional group and general formula
what is the alicyclic formula
an aliphatic compound which contains a non-aromatic ring
what is an aliphatic compound
contain carbon and hydrogen joined in chains
what does saturated mean
only contains single bonds
what does unsaturated mean
can have double bonds
what is an alkyl group
a fragment of a molecule with general formula CnH 2n+1
how does the IUPAC naming system work
count longest carbon chain for the stem
determine functional group
add side chains as prefixes
what is a functional group
the group that determines the chemical properties of a molecule
what is homolytic fission
when the bond breaks evenly so each bonding atom gets one electron from the bonded pair
radicals are formed
what are structural isomers
what is heterolytic fission
when the bond breaks unevenly and both the bonded atoms go to one of the atoms forming a anion and a cation
what is a free radical
particles that have an unpaired electron
what does a curly arrow show in a mechanism
the transfer of electrons. a double headed arrow shows the pair transferring a single headed arrow shows the transfer of one electron
what is an electrophile
an electron donor
what is a neutrophile
an electron acceptor
