4.2 Upland and Lowland Landscapes Flashcards
What is the location of the lake district in England?
North west of England
What is the location of the Weald in England?
South East of England.
What is the highest point of the lake district in the UK?
Seafell Pike
What is the highest point of the Weald in the UK?
Crow borough Beacon
What is the geology of the Lake District?
- Igneous basalt rock from surface eruptions
- Granite igneous eruptions below the surface
- Sedimentary rock such as mud and sandstone
What is the geology of the Weald?
- Weald clay and lots of chalk
- Hastings beds which is a type of more resistant clay
What are the tectonic processes that have happened in the Lake District?
- Large volcanoes 450-300 million years ago erupted which caused mountain building.
What are the tectonic processes that have happened in the Weald?
There have been none.
What are the effects of the ice age on the Lake District?
The area was once glaciated which created deep U- shaped valleys and hollows filled by lakes.
What are the effects of the ice age on the Weald?
During the glacial periods the gaps in the chalk froze making it impermeable, causing lots of water runoff and meltwater causing erosion.
What is the shape of the landscape and formation of the Lake District?
- U-shaped valleys
- Hanging valleys
- Ribbon lakes
- Corries
- Misfit rivers
What is the shape of the landscape and formation of the Weald?
- Low flat land
- V-shaped valleys
- Gentle landscape
- Vegetation
What are the weathering processes found in the Lake District?
- Mechanical weathering - freeze thaw.
What are the weathering processes found in the Weald?
- Biological weathering - tree roots or animals break up the rock.
- Chemical weathering - chemicals break up the rock.
What are the slope processes that are found in the Lake District?
Landslides are common as the rain adds to the weight of the weathered rocks.
What are the slope processes that are found in the Weald?
Soils like sandstone and clay can absorb large amounts of moisture and become saturated - they can move down slope.
What are the post glacial river processes found in the Lake District?
Rivers are fed by rainwater so rivers are very small relative to their valleys, this is called a misfit river. They deposit slit and mud known as alluvium.
What are the post glacial river processes found in the Weald?
Rivers flood because the area receives a lot of rain water, the overflowing water carries sediment and deposits slit on the valley floor forming a floodplain.
What is the climate of the Lake District?
- Cold winters with ice and snow
- Warmer summers
- Rain all year round
What is the climate of the Weald?
- Drier and warmer than the upland.
- Risk of flooding
- Mild
What are the settlements like in the upland?
Dispersed and isolated farms
What are the settlements like in the lowland?
Large villages around farmland
What are the building materials used in the upland?
Local bricks and slates - less variety of material because it’s harder to transport them.
What are the building materials used in the lowland?
Materials are more varied because of better access and easier transportation.
