4.1 Geology, Tectonics and Glaciation Flashcards
What are the past tectonic processes involved in shaping the UK landscape?
- 500 million years ago the UK was where Antarctica was and a slowly move north to its current position.
- Between these collisions huge volcanoes occurred erupting massive amounts of lava and creating mountains.
What are the past glaciation processes involved in shaping the UK landscape?
- Ice sheets covered north of England and Europe.
- Glacieres form when snow accumulates
- Curries are made by :plucking abrasion and freeze thaw
What are the past geology processes involved in shaping the UK landscape?
- As coral and fish died, the skeletons fell weight crushed those beneath compacting to rock, calcium carbonate(in rocks) cemented them together sand was then laid down on top of this and these layers are known as strata.
What is the Tees - Exe line?
The line that separates the main rock types in the UK
What rock types are found east of the Tees - Exe line?
Low lying sedimentary
What rock types are found west of the Tees - Exe line?
Igneous and metamorphic rocks
What are the rock types?
- igneous
- Sedimentary
- Metamorphic
How are igneous rocks formed?
Molten lava from the mantle cools down and hardens. The rock forms crystals as it cools. Igneous rocks are usually hard.
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
Layers of sediment are compacted together until they become solid rock.
How are metamorphic rocks formed?
When other rocks such as igneous sedimentary or or metamorphic rocks are changed by heat and pressure. New rocks become harder and more compact.
Where is the location of the lowland in the UK?
South and east
What are the regions/ national park of the upland in the UK?
Snowdonia and Lake district
What are the regions/ national park of the lowland in the UK?
The Downs and the Weald
What are the rock types of the upland?
Igneous and metamorphic
What are the rock types of the lowland?
Sedimentry
What is the approximate age of the upland?
300 - 360 million
What is the approximate age of the lowland?
30 - 100 million years
What is the resistance of the upland?
More resistance
What is the resistance of the lowland?
Less resistance
What is the relief of the upland?
Steeper land
What is the relief of the lowland?
Flatter land
What are some of the features of the upland?
- Mountains
- U-shaped valleys
- Extinct volacanoes
What are some of the features of the lowland?
- Hills
- Wide valleys
What are all the types of sedimentary rocks and give their description.
- Chalk, younger form of limestone and very porous
- Limestone, corals and sediment compressed over time
- Clay, made from mod deposited by rivers or a sea and soft and crumbly
What are all the types of igneous rocks and give their description.
- Granite, formed from magma cooling deep underground
What are all the types of metamorphic rocks and give their description.
- Slates, formed from heated mud or shell and it is very resistant
- Schist, formed by further metamorphosis of slate, where it partly melts and solidifies, it is very resistant
Where is the location of the upland in the UK?
North and west
