4.2 Molecular diversity due to carbon skeleton variety

Question 1

what forms the skeletons of most organic molecules

Answer 1

carbon chains

Question 2

organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen:

Answer 2

hydrocarbons

Question 3

hydrocarbon structure

Answer 3

hydrogen atoms bond to carbon wherever there are electrons are available for covalent bonding

Question 4

hydrocarbons (are or are not) prevalent in living organisms

Answer 4

are not

Question 5

hydrocarbons: hydrophilic/hydrophobic

Answer 5

hydrophobic– nonpolar covalent bonds between carbon and hydrogen

Question 6

why are hydrocarbons used in gasoline?

Answer 6

the release relatively large amounts of energy

Question 7

what do hydrocarbons do in fats?

Answer 7

1 break down not give energy 2 result in the hydrophobic behavior of fats

Question 8

compounds that have the same number of atoms of the same elements but different structures (and different properties):

Answer 8

isomers

Question 9

an isomer that differs in the covalent arrangements of its atoms and location of double bonds:

Answer 9

structural isomers

Question 10

isomers that have same covalent partnerships but differ in the spatial arrangements due to inflexibility in double bonds:

Answer 10

geometric isomers

Question 11

R’s on the same side

Answer 11

cis isomer

Question 12

R’s on opposite sides

Answer 12

trans isomer

Question 13

isomers that are mirror images to each other

Question 14

enantiomers

Answer 14

Question 15

L isomer

Answer 15

Left enantiomer

Question 16

D isomer

Answer 16

right enantiomer

Question 17

the carbon in the middle that is attached to 4 different atom groups

Answer 17

asymmetric carbon

Question 18

usually with entiomers, one isomer is _______ while the other is ______

Answer 18

biologically active and the other is inactive