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4 PID Unit > 42 Miscellaneous DNA Viruses > Flashcards

42 Miscellaneous DNA Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

What is the largest (in size) type of viruses?

A

pox virus

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2
Q

T/F- pox virus is an enveloped, complex structure virus with a linear DNA genome

A

true

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3
Q

Does pox virus replicate in the cytoplasm or nucleus?

A

cytoplasm

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4
Q

Name 3 important types of poxviruses

A
  1. molluscum contagiosum
  2. variola- smallpox
  3. vaccinia- used as vaccine against smallpox
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5
Q

How are poxviruses spread?

A

direct contact or fomite

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6
Q

I am a child with pearly umbilicated skin nodules, that are painless, and the virus is produced in my nodules. Whatever I have can be present in the genital area and transmitted sexually as well. What do I have?

A

molluscum contagiosum (poxvirus)

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7
Q

What adenovirus serotypes are most common?

A

1 through 7

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8
Q

Describe the structure of adenovirus, how is it internalized, and how big is its genome?

A
  1. naked, icosahedral capsid, linear DNA
  2. projecting fiber protein interacts with cellular protein coxsackie adenovirus receptor, then additional capsid proteins interact with cell surface integrin for internalization
  3. genome encodes 30-40 genes
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9
Q

regarding adenovirus,

  1. where does it replicate?
  2. how does it synthesize RNA?
  3. does it have it’s own DNA polymerase?
  4. How does it leave the cell?
A
  1. nuclear replication
  2. uses host RNA synthesis machinery
  3. uses it’s own DNA polymerase to replicate viral DNA
  4. egress by cell destruction
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10
Q

What sites in the body do adenoviruses infect?

A

mucosalepithelial sites (conjunctivae, nose, mouth, respiratory tract, alimentary tract

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11
Q

What determines which site a particular adenovirus will infect?

A

“site depends on virus type which is determined primarily by protein fiber”

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12
Q

T/F- adenovirus does not cause lysis

A

false, it does

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13
Q

What’s the most common clinical syndrome/illness associated with adenovirus? What are the next 3 lesser common?

A
  1. upper respiratory illness
  2. epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
  3. pharyngoconjunctival fever
  4. infantile diarrhea
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14
Q

Where does adenovirus rank in the top causes of gastroenteritis (viruses)?

A
  1. rotavirus
  2. norwalk virus
  3. ADENOVIRUS
  4. enterovirus
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15
Q

How is adenovirus spread? Any antiviral treatment or immunization for this?

A
  1. spread through fecal oral route and respiratory route

2. no immunization or antiviral treatment

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16
Q

Papovaviruses are naked or encapsulated?

A

naked

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17
Q

Papovaviruses have circular or linear dsDNA genomes?

A

circular

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18
Q

Two main categories of papovaviruses?

A

HPV (>90 serotypes) and Polyomaviruses (JC virus, BK virus)

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19
Q

Describe the life cycle of a papovavirus

A
  1. replicates and is transcribed in the nucleus using host cell replication and tx machinery
  2. makes early (stimulate virus replication) and late transcripts like all DNA viruses do.
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20
Q

Where do polyomaviruses establish latency?

A

kidneys/bone marrow

21
Q

How are polyomaviruses transmitted?

A

respiratory

22
Q

Three new polyomaviruses have been identified, what do KI and WU cause?

A

respiratory symptoms

23
Q

Is merkel cell carcinoma associated with polyomaviruses?

A

yes

24
Q

Who’s at risk for getting a polyomavirus infection?

A

HIV, organ transplant, hemotologic malignancy

25
Q

T/F- the serotype of the papilloma virus influences the anatomical location of the lesion and the morphological type of lesion

A

true

26
Q

Where does HPV early gene expression and DNA maintenance replication take place? What layers does HPV late gene expression and particle production take place?

A
  1. early genes: basal/spiny layers
  2. late genes: more toward surface (granular/clear layer)
  3. shedding takes place from surface (horny layer)
27
Q

T/F- HPV drives cell division in basal and spiny layers leading to hyperplasia (warts) and cell division is required for virus replication

A

true

28
Q

The cytopathic effect of papillomavirus is known as “koilocytosis” what does this look like

A

appearance of large cells with fluid filled cavities and condensed and pyknotic nuclei

29
Q

Regarding papillomavirus, HPV E6 protein inhibits what tumor suppressor protein? E7 blocks what tumor suppressor protein?

A
  1. E6: p53

2. E7: retinoblastoma

30
Q

What are the high risk for cervical dysplasia HPV serotypes?

A

16,18, 31

31
Q

Condyloma acuminatum is a type of genital wart, what HPV serotypes is this caused by?

A

HPV 6 and 11

32
Q

Smooth papular, keratotic or flat genital warts are caused by what types of HPV?

A

16, 18

33
Q

T/F- although there is no specific antiviral treatment for HPV or polyomaviruses, type I INF helps control the virus somewhat

A

true

34
Q

Gardasil protects against what types of HPV? Cervarix targets which ones?

A
  1. gardasil: 6,11, 16, 18

2. cervarix: 16, 18

35
Q

HPV vaccines are composed of what virus component?

A

empty capsids

36
Q

What is the one clinically significant type of parvovirus discussed in lecture?

A

B19

37
Q

Describe the virion structure of parvovirus

A
  1. smallest DNA virus
  2. Naked, icosahedral
  3. ssDNA
38
Q

Does parvovirus replicate in cytoplasm or nucleus?

A

nucleus

39
Q

T/F- parvovirus has it’s own RNA polymerases for transcription and DNA polymerases for replication

A

False, it requires cell DNA polymerase and cell RNA polymerase

40
Q

T/F- worldwide 10% of adults are seropositive for parvovirus

A

False, 50-80% are seropositive

41
Q

how is parvovirus spread?

A

respiratory route and maternal-fetal transmission

42
Q

What cells does parvovirus target? Does it kill those cells or just replicate in them?

A

erythroid progenitor cells. it is cytopathic (lyses cells)

43
Q

T/F- Antibody-antigen complexes in parvovirus infection deposit in capillaries under the skin causing a rash and in joints causing arthritis

A

true. characteristic “lacy rash” on the torso and extremities develops after the “slapped cheek rash” on the face. Also known as “fifth disease” in children.

44
Q

List two complications of B19 infection in adults

A
  1. arthritis

2. aplastic anemia

45
Q

List 3 complications of B19 congenital infection

A
  1. hydrops fetalis (edema of fetus)
  2. fetal loss
  3. fetal anemia
46
Q

T/F- there is a good vaccine for parvovirus

A

no antiviral agents or vaccines

47
Q

Fifth disease is associated with infection with what virus?

A

B19

48
Q

Roseola is associated with infection with what virus?

A

HHV6

4 PID Unit (6 decks)

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