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Semester 3- Urinary > 4.2 Hypertension and the Control of Blood Pressure > Flashcards

4.2 Hypertension and the Control of Blood Pressure Flashcards

1
Q

What does RAAS stand for?

A

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

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2
Q

Where is renin released from?

A

Granular cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus

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3
Q

What stimulates renin release?

A

Reduced NaCl levels

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4
Q

What is the function of renin?

A

Converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

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5
Q

What converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II?

A

ACE- angiotensin converting enzyme

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6
Q

What is the action of angiotensin II?

A

Vasoconstriction
Stimulates Na+ reabsorption in the kidney
Increased release of noradrenaline
Stimulates aldosterone

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7
Q

Where does aldosterone act?

A

Principle cells of collecting duct

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8
Q

What does aldosterone cause?

A

Increase Na+ reabsorption

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9
Q

Where is aldosterone released from?

A

Adrenal cortex

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10
Q

What additional action does ACE have?

A

Breaks down bradykinin to peptide fragments. Bradykinin is a vasodiltor

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11
Q

How does the sympathetic nervous system act to reduce renal blood flow?

A

Vasoconstricts arterioles
Activates Na-H-exchanger in PCT
Stimulates renin release

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12
Q

What is the function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

A

Forms concentrated urine by retaining urine

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13
Q

What is ADH release stimulated by?

A

Increased plasma osmolarity

Severe hypovolaemia

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14
Q

What is the function of ANP?

A

Promotes Na+ excretion

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15
Q

Where is ANP synthesised and stored?

A

Atrial myocytes

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16
Q

When os ANP released?

A

When stretch receptors in the atria are stimulated

17
Q

What are the effects of ANP?

A

Vasodilation of arterioles
Increases GFR
Inhibits Na+ reabsorption

18
Q

How do prostaglandins act on the kidney?

A

Vasodilate afferent arteriole

19
Q

How do NSAIDs affect vasodilation of the kidneys?

A

NSAIDs inhibit prostaglandin synthesis

20
Q

What affect does dopamine have on the kidney?

A

Vasodilation of arterioles

21
Q

What is hypertension?

A

Sustained high blood pressure

22
Q

How can hypertension be treated using the urinary system?

A

Lower blood volume by lowering reabsorption of water and Na+

23
Q

Name some diuretic drugs used to treat hypertension

A

ACE inhibitors
Thiazode diuretics
Ca2+ channel blockers
Beta-blockers

Semester 3- Urinary (18 decks)

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