4.2- how social changes affect development Flashcards
Public perception
drunk driving
drunk driving case study- evolution of driving laws
1925- First law on drink driving is passed- no limit or definition of what drunk was
1966- all new cars are fitted with seatbelts
1968- breathalysers are introduced, helping reduce road deaths. Accidents involving alcohol fell from 25%-15%.
1991- death by driving under the influence given a 5-year prison sentence.
Explain how laws can be influenced by public perception ?
point-
Point- public perception can be linked to the change in laws such as those cocnerning drink driving
Explain how laws can be influenced by public perception ?
evidence ?
Explanation- in 1925, drink driving became a criminal offence even though there was no legal blood alcohol limit.
By 1971, 55% of people owned a car and road related accidents were on the rise. Particularly those linked to alcohol consumption.
Many campaigns used TV advertising to push the dangers of drink driving into the public consciousness and in 1991 death caused by drink driving was made punishable by 5 years in prison.
By 2014 this increased to 14 years. This caused the number of road deaths to decrease. A survey by think found that 91% of people agreed that drink driving was wrong.
Explain how laws can be influenced by public perception ?
link back to question ?
Link- this demonstrates that as public perceptions change the law and sentencing guidelines reflect these views
structural changes
immigration
immigration=
Emigration=
Net migration=
immigration= movement into a country
Emigration= movement out of a country
Net migration= difference between the number of immigrants and number of emigrants
immigration case study -
1900- majority of immigrants are Irish
1945- influx of Jews during WW2 mainly fleeing persecution
1950- Black immigrants arrive from the Caribbean
1960- south Asian immigrants arrive
1962- Immigration laws restrict non-white immigration between now and 1990.
immigration case study=
In 1948 the Empire Wind-rush liner brought 802 migrants from British colonies in the Caribbean to London.
At the time racial discrimination was legal which led to hostility, exploitation and social inequality. Many migrants were stereotyped as diseased and dirty.
Despite being highly qualified, many migrants struggled to acquire low paid work ad as a result experienced poverty.
link to law=
some of these immigrants came with small children. In 1971 these people were told they could stay permanently but the government didn’t keep a full record of them.
In 2012 there was a change to immigration to laws and people were told they needed official documents to prove they could get things like free hospital treatment. This led to some being sent to immigration detention centres and facing deportation
Explain how laws can be influenced by structural changes
point=
Point-structural changes can be linked to the change in laws such as those concerning immigration.
Explain how laws can be influenced by structural changes
explanation=
Explanation= in the 1900s most immigrants were Irish. In 1945 there was an influx of Jews fleeing persecution due to WW2. Through the 1950-60s black immigrants arrived from the Caribbeans and south Asian immigrants began arriving in the UK. This caused new immigration laws restricting non-white immigration between 1962 and 1990.
Explain how laws can be influenced by structural changes
link back to question=
Link= this demonstrates that structural changes and the demographic of the country have the ability to change laws
cultural changes
LGBTQ+
case study
history of LGBTQ+ rights
1967-the sexual offences act decriminalised homosexuality between men over the age of 21 in private.
1972- the first pride was held in London- attracting approximately 2000 people.
1988- Uk prime minister (Margret Thatcher) introduced section 28 of the local Government Act. The ban of teaching pupils about homosexuality in school. This was overalled in the year 2000.
1992- world health organisation declassified same-sex attraction as a mental illness.
2002- same sex couples can adopt
2013- gay marriage legalised
what has stimulated these changes in laws surrounding homosexuality ?
secularisation
individualism
Secularisation=
decline in the significance of religious beliefs.
Because there is less fixation on the church religious condemnation of homosexuality has significantly reduced.
Individualism=
the belief that individuals should have the right to choose how they live their lives.
This has now become a central value in today’s culture and can heavily influence laws surrounding sexual preferences.
