4.2 DNA and protein synthesis

Question 1

what is the genome

Answer 1

complete set of genes a cell contains

Question 2

what is the proteome

Answer 2

complete range of proteins THE CELL IS AVLE TO PRODUCE

Question 3

two main parts to protein synthesis

Answer 3

transcription and translation

Question 4

what is transcription

Answer 4

production of mRNA from DNA

Question 5

process of transcription

Answer 5

1. DNA helicase unwinds the double helix
2. free RNA nucleotides bind to exposed bases on the template strand
3. RNA polymerase joins the sugar phosphate backbone of the RNA nucleotides
4. in prokaryotes - the RNA strand is mRNA
   in eukaryotes - pre-mRNA which needed to be spliced to remove introns and leave exons

Question 6

what is translation

Answer 6

production of polypeptides from the sequence of codons carried by mRNA

Question 7

structure of tRNA

Answer 7

single stand of RNA folded into a clover leaf shape
- one end has amino acid binding site and other end is anticodon

Question 8

structure of mRBA

Answer 8

mRNA is a single polynucleotide strand that contains groups of three bases called codons

Question 9

process of translation

Answer 9

1. mRNA attaches to a ribosome and the tRNA brings amino acids
2. tRNA molecule with complimentary anticodon to first codon on amino acids bind
3. another tRNA that is complimentary to second codon binds
4. amino acids they carry are joined by ribosome
5. this continues until ribosome meets a stop codon which signals for translation to stop and polypeptide chain detaches