4.2 Covalent bonding Flashcards
which is the strongest intramolecular bond out of the 3
covalent bond
define covalent bond
the electrostatic attraction between a pair of nuclei and their shared pair of electrons
where are covalent bonds most commonly found (elements wise)
between non-metals
what are the 3 types of covalent bonds?
- single
- double
- triple
describe a single covalent bond, how many electrons are shared, its bond strength and its bond length
- 1 pair of electrons is shared
- its the weakest
- it has the longest bond length
describe a double covalent bond, how many electrons are shared, its bond strength and its bond length
- 2 pairs of electrons are shared
- its bond strength is intermediate/ ok
- its bond length is intermediate/ ok
describe a triple covalent bond, how many electrons are shared, its bond strength and its bond length
- 3 pairs of electrons are shared
- it has the strongest bond strength
- it has the shortest bond length
what is the difference between a normal covalent bond and a dative covalent bond?
- a pair of electrons contained within a normal covalent bond generally comes from one from each atom
- a dative covalent bond is formed when only a single atom donates both electrons
what forms when a dative covalent bond is formed between 2 molecules?
adduct, which its definition is when 2 molecule is bounded together by a dative bond
how do you know a bond’s polarity from an atom’s electronegativity? tell me about how a polar and how a non-polar bond is found
- if the electronegativity difference is larger than 0.5, then the electrons are unequally shard, forming a polar bond
- if the electronegativity difference is less than 0.5, then the electrons are equally shared, forming a non-polar bond
define dipole and explain when a dipole is formed
- dipoles are only formed in the presence of polar bonds
- it is when electrons lie slightly closer to one end of the bond than the other
- this causes the bond to have a negative and a positive end, called a dipole
