4.2 Biodiversity Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

The measure of the variation found within the living world.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the different types of biodiversity?

A
  • Habitat biodiversity
  • species biodiversity
  • genetic biodiversity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What defines a species?

A

organisms that are very similar, who can breed together to produce fertile offspring.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the difference between species richness and species evenness?

A

Species richness: The number of species

Species evenness: The degree to which a species is represented in an area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What ways are there to sample live organisms?

A
  • a pooter (suck into a jar)
  • pitfall trap
  • a tullgren funnel (light down leaves)
  • light trap
  • longworth trap (metal box)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is one way of estimating population size?

A

Mark and recapture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do you measure biodiversity?

A

Simpsons index of biodiversity

high value indicates more diversity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the difference between an allele and a locus?

A

Allele: A version of a gene
Locus: The position of that gene on a chromosome.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How can genetic diversity be calculated?

A

Calculating the percentage of loci in a species that have more than one allele (heterozygous or polymorphic gene loci)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a keystone species?

A

A species which has a disproportionate affect on its environment. It would have dramatic effect on its ecosystem if it were to go extinct.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What services do ecosystems provide?

A
  • regulation of atmosphere and climate
  • purification of water
  • formation of fertile soil
  • recycling of nutrients
  • detoxification and recycling of waste
  • crop pollination
  • growth of timber
  • medicines
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the difference between conservation in situ and ex situ?

A

In situ: Active management to maintain the biodiversity in the environment they are found

Ex situ: conserving species through activities outside its normal habitat, such as zoos.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What examples of in situ conservation is there?

A

-legislation
-wildlife reserves such as:
National parks National nature reserves
SSSI's Local nature reserves
`Marine conservation zones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What advantages of in situ conservation are there?

A
  • long term protection of biodiversity
  • allows for ecologically sustainable land uses
  • facilitates scientific research
  • removes stress of zoos and artificial habitats
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the disadvantages of ex situ conservation?

A
  • habitat fragmentation
  • the conditions which causes the habitat or species to become endangered may still be present
  • attracts poachers and ecotourists
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the advantages of ex situ conservation?

A

-organisms are protected from poachers and predation
-health can be monitored
-the genetic diversity of the population can be measured
-seeds can be stored and germinated
-