3.1, 3.2Exchange surfaces/transport in animals Flashcards
What is the vena cava?
Artery taking deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart.
What is the aorta?
Artery taking oxygenated blood from the heart to the body.
What is the pulmonary artery?
Transports deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
What is the pulmonary vein?
Takes oygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
What is the name of the wall in the heart seperating the left and right ventrical?
The ventricular septum
What is the name of the valves letting blood into the heart.
atrio-ventricular valve
What is the name of the valves letting blood out of the heart?
semi-lunar valve
What isthe name of the arteries wrapping around the heart which supply it with oxygen?
Coronary arteries
What is bradycardia?
A slow heart ryhthm
What is fibrillation?
uncoordinated contraction of the atria and ventricles.
What is myogenic muscle?
muscle which can initiate its own contraction
What is sino-atrial node (SAN)
Its a small patch of tissue that sends out electrical impulses to initiate contractions, its the heart pacemaker.
What is tachycardia?
A fast heart rhythem
What is atrial fibrillation?
When the atrium beats more frequently than the ventricles.
What is an Ectopic heart beat?
An extra or early beat of the ventricles.
What is the name of the machine used to measure lung volume?
Spirometer
What safety measures need to be taken when using a spirometer?
- fresh soda lime should be used to remove co2
- make sure subject doesn’t have breathing difficulties
- there should be no air leaks in the apparatus
- the mouth peace should be sterilized
What is tidal volume?
The volume of air moved in/out with each breath at rest
What is the vital capacity?
The maximum volume of air that can be expelled in one breath
What is residual volume?
The volume of air left in the lungs when you breath all the way out
how is the elasticity of the alveoli measured?
The maximum volume of air you can breath out in 1 second.
Total lung capacity equation
vital capacity + residual volume
What is obstructed spirometry?
When it takes longer to inhale due to constriction of the airways. It does not affect lung volumes and can be detected by a drop in FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in one second)