4.1.1 Transmission Of Communicable Disease

Question 1

Direct contact?

Answer 1

Transmission through touching someone with an infectious disease, common in children who have a lot of contact

Question 2

Direct transmission?

Answer 2

Spread of a pathogen from one host to another, without any intermediary (any help)

Question 3

Examples of direct contact?

Answer 3

Chickenpox, some STIs, impetigo, scabies, ringworm

Question 4

Ingestion definition?

Answer 4

Diseases transmitted via contaminated food or water, caused by improper storage, poor hygiene, pathogens already being present

Question 5

Ingestion examples?

Answer 5

Dirty water: cholera, dysentery
Eggs: salmonella
Dented / rusted cans: botulism

Question 6

Inoculation definition?

Answer 6

Droplets expelled by an infected person that are inhaled / otherwise enter the body of an uninfected person

Question 7

Inoculation examples?

Answer 7

Flu, chicken pox, colds

Question 8

Horizontal transmission?

Answer 8

Transmission between peers / across species

Question 9

Vertical transmission?

Answer 9

From mother to child, through the placenta / at birth

Question 10

Fomite definition?

Answer 10

An item that transmits disease via being touched by an infected person and again by a healthy person without being cleaned

Question 11

Fomite examples?

Answer 11

Door handles, bed linen, stethoscopes

Question 12

Nosocomial infection?

Answer 12

An infection acquired while in hospital, eg MRSA

Question 13

Vector definition?

Answer 13

An animal or insect that carries a pathogen

Question 14

Vector example?

Answer 14

Rabies (bats / dogs), malaria (mosquitos)

Question 15

Droplet infection definition?

Answer 15

Droplet nuclei or pathogens remain suspended in the air for long periods (not the same as inoculation)

Question 16

Droplet infection example?

Answer 16

Spores, Covid

Question 17

Factors affecting disease transmission in animals? (7 total)

Answer 17

Damage to infrastructure eg pipes, lack of healthcare / sanitation, overcrowding, homelessness, education, diet / nutrition, ventilation in homes

Question 18

Direct transmission in plants?

Answer 18

Water being absorbed into the roots, leaves touching one another

Question 19

Indirect transmission in plants?

Answer 19

Fungal spores in wind, enter through stroma, leaves from infected plants can fall to the soil and infect it (eg black Sigatoka)

Question 20

Factors affecting transmission in plants? (5 total)

Answer 20

Susceptibility (clones), overcrowding, lack of nutrients in soil, damp / warm conditions, climate change / changing weather conditions