4.1.1-4.1.5 Flashcards
Which structure of the nephron will the hormone ADH interact with?
Collecting duct
Most of the reabsorption of substances in the blood (glucose, amino acids, some water) occurs in the
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
Which cell receptors are responsible for monitoring blood osmolarity levels?
Osmoreceptors
The structure where water reabsorption does NOT occur is
Ascending loop of Henle
Which hormone is most responsible for regulating electrolytes in the body?
Aldosterone
Moves substances from the renal tubules to the blood capillaries
Reabsorption
Moves substance from the blood capillaries to Bowman’s capsule
Filtration
Moves substances from the blood capillaries to the renal tubules
Secretion
True or False: In the absence of the hormone ADH, a large volume of dilute urine will be excreted from the kidneys.
True
Where is antidiuretic hormone (ADH) synthesized in the body?
Hypothalamus
The presence of the hormone ADH in the nephron would result in
less dilute volume of urine, darker colored urine, a more concentrated urine
The functional unit of the kidney is called the
Nephron
True or False: Low blood osmolarity will result in the synthesis and release of the hormone ADH
False
Where is antidiuretic hormone (ADH) released/secreted in the body?
Posterior pituitary gland
True or False: The hormone ADH makes the collecting duct more impermeable to water.
False
When blood osmolarity is high, what is produced in the brain?
A feeling of thirst
ADH is a hormone responsible for
increasing the permeability of the collecting duct to water and decreasing the amount of urine
What type of feedback loop does blood osmoregulation represent?
Negative
A person who is diabetic would most likely have high amount of what in their urine?
Glucose
You observed leukocytes, trace amounts of blood, and crystals in a patient’s urine sample. What is most likely the diagnosis of this patient?
UTI
Chemical Analysis
Use one urine test strip for each sample to test urine pH, Specific Gravity, Ketones, Glucose, protein
Macroscopic Analysis
observe color and clarity
Microscopic Analysis
urine was previously tested for presence of red and white blood cells; Epithelial cells, crystals, leukocytes, erythrocytes
pH
measures whether urine is acidic, basic, or neutral. Urine pH ranges from 4.6 to 8.0
Specific Gravity
measures the concentration of particles in the urine. The more concentrated, the higher the specific gravity. Ranges from 1.002 to 1.028. Dehydration is the most common cause of a high specific gravity
Ketones
detects the presence or absence of ketones, which are the endpoint of rapid or excessive fat breakdown. Normal urine does not contain ketones
Glucose
measures the amount of sugar in the urine. Normal urine does not contain glucose
Protein
measures the amount of a protein called albumin. Normal ranges are very small, usually 0-5 mg/dL
Color
normal urine should be a shade of yellow ranging from straw to amber, abnormal urine can be colorless, dark yellow, orange, pink, red, green, brown, or black
Clarity
normal urine should be clear. Abnormal urine can be hazy, cloudy, or opaque
Erythrocytes
are not normally found in urine. They could be a sign of a medical condition that needs treatment, such as a UTI, kidney disease, or liver disease
Leukocytes
white blood cells and bacteria are both signs of a bacterial infection. They are not normally found in urine
Epithelial cells
cells that line the urinary tract and are therefore normally found in the urine of healthy patients
Crystals
some crystals, including calcium oxalate, triple phosphate, and amorphous phosphates, are normally seen in urine of healthy patients. A large number of crystals or certain types of crystals can indicate kidney stones
