2.1.1-2.2.3 Flashcards
Brain
Cerebrum
The dorsal portion composed of right and left hemisphere; integrating center for memory, learning, emotions, and other highly complex functions of the CNS
Brain
Cerebellum
A large dorsally projecting part of the brain concerned especially with the coordination of muscles and the maintenance of bodily equilibriums, situated between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum.
Brain
Brain stem
The part of the brain that is composed of the midbrain, pons, amd medulla oblongata and connecting the spinal cord with the forebrain and cerebrum. Responsible for basic vital functions (i.e breathing, consciousness, blood pressure, heart rate, and sleep)
Brain Stem
Pons
Regulates unconscious processes (i.e circadium rhythm and breathing). Part of the brain stem
Brain Stem
Medulla Oblongata
Regulates heart rate, breathing, and circulation. Part of the brain stem.
Brain
Parietal Lobe
Responsible for sensing touch, special processing (being able to tell where objects are in space), language, and memory
Brain
Occipital Lobe
Primarily responsible for visual perception and are involved in some forms of visual short-term memory
Brain
Frontal Lobe
Play a large role in behavior and personality, such as planning, voluntary muscle movements, mood, emotions, social interactions, attention, as well as memory retrieval and storage.
Brain
Temporal Lobe
Responsible for processing smell and sound, as well as the ability to recognize and understand words and language. They are involved in visual memory.
Brain
Motor Cortex
Part of the brain where nerve impulses initiate voluntary muscle activity
Brain
Sensory Cortex
All received sensory input signals, such as touch and taste, are sent through neurons to the sensory cortex to be processed
Brain
Pituitary Gland
A tiny organ that serves as the pituitary gland for the body, producing several hormones and activating other glands to produce hormones
Brain
Thalamus
One of the two masses of gray matter lying between the cerbral hemispheres
Brain
Hypothalamus
A region of brain below the thalamus that coordinates with the autonomic nervous system and the activity of the pituitary, controlling body temp., thirst, hunger, sleep, emotional activity, as well as other homeostatic systems
Brain
Hippocampus
Aids in long-term memory
Neurons
Axon
often called the nerve fiber; a portion of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body. The signal travels down the long axon and passes the message to the next neuron down the line.
Neurons
Axon terminal
Ending of axons; the location where axons make contact with other nerve or effector cells
Neurons
Myelin sheath
the insulating coat of cell membrane from Schwann cells that is interrupted by nodes of Ranvier in the neuron
Neurons
Schwann Cell
Cell that produces the myelin sheath
Neurons
Nodes of Ranvier
gap in the myelin sheath of nerve cells found between neighboring Schwann cells
Neurons
Synapse
Place at which a nerous impulse passes form one neuron to another
Neurons
Neurotransmitters
A substance (as norepinephrine or acetylcholine) that transmits nerve impulses across a synapse
Endocrine system
Pituitary Gland
Releases several hormones that relate to growth, metabolism, reproduction, stress or trauma response, lactation, water balance, and childbirth.
Endocrine System
Pineal Gland
Regulates sleep/wake cycles and secretes the hormone melatonin
Endocrine System
Thyroid Gland
Plays a major role in growth and development of the human body and metabolism
Endocrine System
Thymus
Makes white blood cells up until puberty, when all the T-cells you need have been made. Also releases hormones that control the pituitary gland
Endocrine System
Adrenal Glands
Release hormones that regulate the body’s response to stress as well as metabolism, blood pressure, and the immune system
Endocrine System
Pancreas
The pancreas creates enzymes to break down sugars, fats, and starches as well as hormones that regulate blood sugar, appetite, stomach acid, and when to empty your stomach
Endocrine System
Ovaries
Produce the hormones estrogen and progesterone which regulate reproduction and mentstruation
Endocrine System
Testes
Produces sperm as well as testosterone which helps with growth of the male body including developing muscles, developing voices, and growing body hair
Endocrine System
Insulin
A protein hormone secreted by the pancreas; essential for metabolism of carbohydrates and the regulation of glucose levels in the blood
Endocrine System
Glucagon
A hormone secreted by pancreatic endocrine cells that raises blood glucose levels; an antagonist hormone to insulin
Endocrine System
Testosterone
Builds bone and muscle mass, body hair growth, and development of reproductive tissue; made in testes and ovaries
Endocrine System
Estrogen
Plays a role in puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, menopause, sperm development, and bone health; made in ovaries, testes, adrenal glands, and fat cells
Endocrine System
Progesterone
Active in menstruation, pregnancy, and testosterone production; made in ovaries, testes, and adrenal glands
