4.1 Variety of Minerals Flashcards
What are minerals?
Back: Minerals are natural substances with a fixed chemical composition.
Where are minerals found?
Flashcard 4
Front:
Flashcard 5
Front: What are examples of non-metallic mineral elements?
Back: Carbon and sulfur.
Flashcard 6
Front:
Flashcard 7
Front: Why do elements form compounds?
Back: To become more stable.
Minerals are usually found in rocks as elements or compounds.
How do minerals exist in elemental form?
Back: Minerals in elemental form are usually inactive and unreactive.
What are examples of metallic mineral elements?
Back: Gold, silver, mercury, and platinum.
What are examples of non-metallic mineral elements?
Back: Carbon and sulfur.
How do elements form natural compounds?
Back: They combine with oxygen, sulfur, or other elements.
Why do elements form compounds?
Back: To become more stable.
What determines the color and hardness of a mineral?
✅ Its chemical composition.
What is the color of Hematite?
Brown.
What is the color of Malachite?
✅ Green
What is the color of Calcite (Limestone)?
✅ White
What is the color of Galena?
✅ Gray
What is the color of Cassiterite?
✅ Black
How is mineral hardness measured?
✅ By scratching the mineral or using a sclerometer.
What is the hardest mineral on the Mohs scale?
✅ Diamond (hardness 10).
What is the hardness of Calcite on the Mohs scale?
✅ Hardness 3
What happens when minerals contain sodium or potassium?
✅ They become soluble in water.
Flashcard 6:
❓ How do metal oxides and metal carbonates react with acids?
✅ They dissolve and release carbon dioxide (CO₂) gas.
Flashcard 7:
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Flashcard 8:
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Flashcard 10:
❓ What gas is released when metal sulfides are heated in air?
✅ Sulfur dioxide (SO₂).
Flashcard 11:
❓ What minerals are used to neutralize acidic soil?
✅ Calcium oxide & calcium carbonate.
Flashcard 12:
❓ What is silicon dioxide (silica) used for?
✅ Making glass (melts at 1,713°C).
Flashcard 13:
❓ What common products contain aluminum oxide?
✅ Sunscreen, nail polish, lipstick.
Flashcard 14:
❓ Why is aluminum found in bauxite (aluminum oxide) while gold is found in pure form?
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Aluminum is reactive, so it forms stable aluminum oxide.
Gold is non-reactive, so it stays pure.
They become soluble in water.
How do metal oxides and metal carbonates react with acids?
✅ They dissolve and release carbon dioxide (CO₂) gas.
What happens when metal oxides are heated with carbon?
✅ They produce pure metals and CO₂ gas.
What happens when metal carbonates are heated?
✅ They decompose into metal oxides and CO₂, except for sodium & potassium carbonate.
What gas is released when metal sulfides are heated in air?
✅ Sulfur dioxide (SO₂).
How does sulfur dioxide affect potassium permanganate solution?
✅ It turns it purple in an acidic solution
What common products contain aluminum oxide?
✅ Sunscreen, nail polish, lipstick.
Why is aluminum found in bauxite (aluminum oxide) while gold is found in pure form?
