2.4 Adaptation in Respiratory System Flashcards
What respiratory organ do fish use?
Gills.
What are the features of fish gills that aid gas exchange?
- Fine and numerous filaments
- Many blood capillaries for efficient gas exchange
What respiratory organ do insects use?
Trachea.
What are the features of an insect’s tracheal system?
- Branched tube system
- Thin-walled, moist tracheoles for direct gas diffusion
- Many tracheoles with large surface area
What respiratory organs do frogs use?
Outer skin and lungs.
What are the features of frog respiratory adaptation?
- Thin, permeable skin
- Moist skin covered with mucus
- Rich in blood capillaries
How does the human respiratory system adapt at high altitudes?
It adapts to low atmospheric pressure and reduced oxygen by increasing breathing rate.
What respiratory adaptations are needed underwater?
Use of oxygen tanks to compensate for high pressure and lack of breathable air.
How does regular exercise affect the respiratory system?
Strengthens the heart and lungs, increasing efficiency during activities like running and swimming.
Why is a healthy lifestyle important for the respiratory system?
Avoiding harmful habits like smoking keeps the respiratory system functioning well.
What do normal red blood cells look like?
Round, biconcave, and evenly distributed in blood vessels.
What is anemia?
A condition where there are fewer red blood cells or less hemoglobin, leading to reduced oxygen transport.
How do red blood cells look in someone with anemia?
Fewer in number, often smaller and paler than normal cells.
What is sickle cell anemia?
A genetic condition where red blood cells are crescent- or sickle-shaped, making it harder for them to flow and carry oxygen efficiently.
What do red blood cells look like in sickle cell anemia?
Curved like a sickle or crescent; they can clump and block blood flow.
What problems can sickle-shaped cells cause in the body?
They can block blood vessels, cause pain, and lead to organ damage due to poor oxygen supply.
What causes anemia in patients?
Iron mineral deficiency leading to a lack of hemoglobin.
What happens when there is a lack of hemoglobin in anemia patients?
There’s a lack of oxygen transported to the body, causing paleness and fatigue.
What are common symptoms of anemia?
Pale skin, low energy, and fainting easily.
What is the shape of red blood cells in sickle cell anemia?
Sickle-shaped or crescent-shaped.
Why do sickle cell anemia patients have reduced oxygen transport?
Because the surface area is small and contains less hemoglobin.
What symptoms are seen in sickle cell anemia patients?
Paleness and lack of energy due to low oxygen levels.
