3.2 Blood Circulatory System

Question 1

How many heart chambers do fish have?

Answer 1

2 (1 atrium, 1 ventricle)

Question 2

What type of circulatory system do fish have?

Answer 2

Single circulatory system

Question 3

What type of blood is pumped by the fish heart?

Answer 3

Deoxygenated blood only

Question 4

Why is the fish circulatory system less efficient?

Answer 4

Blood pressure drops after passing through gills

Question 5

How many heart chambers do amphibians and reptiles have?

Answer 5

3 (2 atria, 1 ventricle)

Question 6

What type of circulatory system do amphibians and reptiles have?

Answer 6

Double circulatory system (incomplete)

Question 7

Do amphibians and reptiles mix oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?

Answer 7

Yes, in the single ventricle

Question 8

How many heart chambers do birds and mammals have?

Answer 8

4 (2 atria, 2 ventricles)

Question 9

What type of circulatory system do birds and mammals have?

Answer 9

Double circulatory system (complete)

Question 10

Why is the bird and mammal circulatory system more efficient?

Answer 10

There is no mixing of blood; supports high metabolism

Question 11

What is the blood flow pattern in fish?

Answer 11

Heart → Gills (oxygenation) → Body → Heart

Question 12

What is the blood flow pattern in amphibians and reptiles?

Answer 12

Heart → Lungs (pulmonary) → Heart → Body (systemic)
(Note: blood is partially mixed!)

Question 13

What is the blood flow pattern in birds and mammals?

Answer 13

Heart → Lungs → Heart → Body
(Double circulation with full separation of oxygenated & deoxygenated blood)

Question 14

What is the circulatory system?

Answer 14

A tubular system with pumps and valves that ensures blood flows in one direction only.

Question 15

What are the three main components of the circulatory system?

Answer 15

The heart, blood vessels, and blood.

Question 16

What is the function of valves in the circulatory system?

Answer 16

To prevent the backflow of blood and maintain one-way circulation.

Question 17

Why is one-directional blood flow important?

Answer 17

It ensures efficient oxygen and nutrient delivery to body tissues and removal of waste.

Question 18

Where does deoxygenated blood enter the heart from?

Answer 18

From the body → Vena cava → Right atrium

Question 19

Which valve does deoxygenated blood pass through after the right atrium?

Answer 19

Tricuspid valve → Right ventricle

Question 20

After the right ventricle, where does deoxygenated blood go?

Answer 20

Through the pulmonary valve → Pulmonary artery → Lungs

Question 21

Where does oxygenated blood come from?

Answer 21

From the lungs → Pulmonary veins → Left atrium

Question 22

Which valve does oxygenated blood pass through after the left atrium?

Answer 22

Bicuspid valve → Left ventricle

Question 23

Where does oxygenated blood go after the left ventricle?

Answer 23

Through the sickle valve → Aorta → Body

Question 24

What is the function of the left atrium?

Answer 24

Pumps oxygenated blood to the left ventricle.

Question 25

What is the function of the right atrium?

Answer 25

Pumps deoxygenated blood to the right ventricle.

Question 26

What does the left ventricle do?

Answer 26

Pumps blood to all parts of the body except the lungs.

Question 27

What does the right ventricle do?

Answer 27

Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

Question 28

What is the role of the vena cava?

Answer 28

Carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium.

Question 29

What does the pulmonary artery do?

Answer 29

Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.

Question 30

What does the aorta do?

Answer 30

Carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body.

Question 31

What is the function of the pulmonary vein?

Answer 31

Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

Question 32

What is the role of the septum in the heart?

Answer 32

Separates the left and right chambers, preventing mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

Question 33

What does the tricuspid valve do?

Answer 33

Prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium during contraction.

Question 34

What does the bicuspid valve do?

Answer 34

Prevents backflow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during contraction.

Question 35

What does the sickle valve (semilunar valve) do?

Answer 35

Prevents backflow of blood to the ventricles when they relax.

Question 36

What is the function of a vein (vena)?

Answer 36

Brings blood back to the heart.

Question 37

What is the lumen size and wall structure of a vein?

Answer 37

Big lumen; thin wall, less muscular, less elastic.

Question 38

Do veins have valves?

Answer 38

Yes.

Question 39

What type of blood do veins carry?

Answer 39

Deoxygenated blood (except pulmonary veins).

Question 40

How is blood flow in veins?

Answer 40

Slow and under very low pressure.

Question 41

What is the function of blood capillaries?

Answer 41

Connect arteries and veins, allow substance exchange with body cells.

Question 42

What is the lumen size and wall thickness of capillaries?

Answer 42

Very small lumen; wall is one cell thick.

Question 43

Do capillaries have valves?

Answer 43

No.

Question 44

What type of blood do capillaries carry?

Answer 44

Both oxygenated and deoxygenated.

Question 45

How is blood flow in capillaries?

Answer 45

Very slow and under very low pressure.

Question 46

What is the function of an artery?

Answer 46

Brings blood away from the heart.

Question 47

What is the lumen size and wall thickness of arteries?

Answer 47

Small lumen; thick, muscular, elastic walls.

Question 48

Do arteries have valves?

Answer 48

No.

Question 49

What type of blood do arteries carry?

Answer 49

Oxygenated blood (except pulmonary arteries).

Question 50

How is blood flow in arteries?

Answer 50

Fast and under very high pressure.

Question 51

What type of system is the human circulatory system?

Answer 51

Closed tubular system.

Question 52

What is pulmonary circulation?

Answer 52

Blood travels from the heart to lungs and back to the heart.

Question 53

What is systemic circulation?

Answer 53

Blood travels from the heart to the rest of the body (except lungs) and back.

Question 54

What are the systolic and diastolic values for low blood pressure?

Answer 54

Systolic: under 90 mmHg, Diastolic: under 60 mmHg

Question 55

What are the systolic and diastolic values for normal blood pressure?

Answer 55

Systolic: 90–120 mmHg, Diastolic: 60–80 mmHg

Question 56

What are the systolic and diastolic values for pre-high blood pressure?

Answer 56

Systolic: 120–139 mmHg, Diastolic: 80–89 mmHg

Question 57

What are the systolic and diastolic values for high blood pressure?

Answer 57

Systolic: 140–160 mmHg, Diastolic: 90–100 mmHg

Question 58

What is the diastolic phase?

Answer 58

Ventricles relax and fill with blood.

Question 59

What is the systolic phase?

Answer 59

Ventricles contract and pump blood out.

Question 60

What causes the "lub dub" heart sounds?

Answer 60

"Lub" = tricuspid & bicuspid valves closing; "Dub" = semilunar (sickle) valves closing.

Question 61

Why do females generally have a higher pulse rate than males?

Answer 61

Because females have a smaller body size and less muscle mass.

Question 62

What is the normal pulse rate for teenagers, and how does it compare to the elderly?

Answer 62

Teenagers: ~75/min; Elderly: lower than teens.

Question 63

How does a person's health affect their resting pulse rate?

Answer 63

Healthier individuals tend to have lower resting pulse rates.

Question 64

What effect does vigorous activity or fitness level have on pulse rate?

Answer 64

Vigorous activity increases the pulse rate.

Question 65

How can you reduce the risk of heart disease through your diet?

Answer 65

By reducing salt and sugar intake.

Question 66

Why is it important to control blood pressure and diabetes for heart health?

Answer 66

Because both conditions increase the risk of heart disease.

Question 67

How often should you exercise to maintain a healthy heart?

Answer 67

At least five times a week.

Question 68

What dietary choice supports good heart health?

Answer 68

Eating plenty of vegetables and fruits.

Question 69

Function of arteries?

Answer 69

Carry blood away from the heart (usually oxygenated).

Question 70

Structure of arteries?

Answer 70

- Thick walls - Muscular & elastic - Small lumen - No valves

Question 71

Function of veins?

Answer 71

Carry blood toward the heart (usually deoxygenated).

Question 72

Structure of veins?

Answer 72

- Thin walls - Less muscle and elasticity - Large lumen - Valves present to prevent backflow

Question 73

Function of blood capillaries?

Answer 73

Connect arteries and veins; allow exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste between blood and cells.

Question 74

Structure of blood capillaries?

Answer 74

- Very thin wall (one cell thick) - Very small lumen - No valves