4.1 Study Guide Flashcards
What did Griffith discover?
He discovered the transforming principle which is how we discovered what stands of viruses change a healthy cell to a corrupt one.
What did Avery discover?
He found that DNA was the transforming factor of the cells.
How do viruses reproduce?
They infect host cells with their genetic material.
What did Hershey and Chase discover?
They found that genes are made up of DNA.
What does Chargraff’s rules state?
His rules state that there is always the same amount of each base pair so when there is a certain amount of Guamine there will be the same amount of Cytosine vis versa with the Adenine and Thymine . He also stated that this was the reason for genetic diversity between species.
What did Watson+ Crick discover?
They found that certain base pairs will always pair with each other for example Adenine and Thymine and Guamine and Cytosine.
What did Franklin do?
She was able to make an X-way of a DNA molecule.
What did Watson and Crick discover from Franklin’s X-ray?
They found that Phosphate must be ont he outside of a DNA molecule, DNA is composed of two strands, The two strands form a double helix, the nucleotide base pairs (A+T,C+G) pair int eh middle like ladder rungs.
What is a nucleotide made of?
A Phosphate group, A monosaccharide, and a base.
What base pairs does Pyrimidine consist of?
Cytosine and Thymine
What base pairs do Purine consist of?
Guamine and Adenine
How does DNA copying happen?
The weak hydrogen bonds that hold the base pairs together break and the covalent phophdieser bonds that create the sugar and Phosphate backbone stay.
What number is Phosphate with?
Primer 5
What number is Hydroxyl with?
Primer 3
What type of strandes run in opposite directions?
Complementary strands
