4.1 Ionic Bonding and Structure

Question 1

What are the some examples of the polyatomic atoms?

Answer 1

NH4+, OH-, NO3-, HCO3-, (CO3)2-, (SO4)2- and (PO4)3-.

Question 2

Definition of Ionic Bonding

Answer 2

An ionic bond is an electrostatic attraction between oppositely-charged ions. Ionic bonds are formed by elements with an electronegativity difference of approximately 1.8 units and greater.

Question 3

What is electrostatic attration?

Answer 3

Electrostatic attraction is the force of attraction between opposite charges, for example, between a negatively-charged ion and a positively-charged ion. Electrostatic forces of attraction also exist between positive nuclei and bonding electrons (covalent bonding - see section 4.2.1) and positive ions and delocalised electrons (metallic bonding - see section 4.5.1).

Question 4

Ionic Compound definition?

Answer 4

Ionic compounds are composed of a metal and non-metal element, for example, sodium and chlorine.

Question 5

What are Polyatomic ions?

Answer 5

Polyatomic ions are ions that consist of more than one atom. The atoms that make up the polyatomic ion are bonded by covalent bonds, but the type of bonding that occurs between a polyatomic ion and another ion is ionic.

Question 6

Hydroxide

Answer 6

OH−

Question 7

Nitrate

Answer 7

NO3−

Question 8

Nitrite

Answer 8

NO2−

Question 9

Hydrogen carbonate

Answer 9

HCO3−

Question 10

Carbonate

Answer 10

CO32−

Question 11

Sulfate

Answer 11

SO42−

Question 12

Sulfite

Answer 12

SO32−

Question 13

Phosphate

Answer 13

PO43−

Question 14

Chlorate

Answer 14

ClO3−

Question 15

Perchlorate

Answer 15

ClO4−

Question 16

Chlorite

Answer 16

ClO2−

Question 17

Hydration Definition

Answer 17

Separated ions being surrounded by water molecules

Question 18

When a solid dissolves, what equation can you represent it with?
ex: NaCl

Answer 18

NaCl (s) → Na+ (aq) + Cl– (aq)

Question 19

Non-polar-solvents cannot…

Answer 19

…cannot disrupt the lattice structure in the same way, therefore, the solubility of ionic substances in solvents such as hexane and propanone is limited.