4.1 Assess the use of criminological theories in informing policy development Flashcards
What does policy development mean in criminology?
The creation of laws, initiatives, and programs to prevent crime, rehabilitate offenders, and protect society.
How do criminological theories influence policy development?
They provide explanations for why crime happens, which helps shape policing strategies, sentencing laws, and crime prevention measures.
How have biological theories influenced crime policy?
They led to early intervention strategies, such as healthcare programs and genetic research on criminal behavior.
What is an example of a biological-based policy?
Chemical castration for sex offenders – Based on research linking testosterone to aggression and sexual violence
What is a criticism of using biological theories in policy?
It raises ethical concerns, such as the risk of discrimination and eugenics.
How do psychological theories influence crime policies?
They lead to rehabilitation programs, such as anger management and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT).
What is an example of a psychological-based policy?
Offender treatment programs in prisons, such as the Reasoning and Rehabilitation program.
What is a limitation of psychological-based policies?
Not all offenders respond to treatment, and some may reoffend despite therapy.
How do sociological theories shape crime policies?
They lead to social reform policies, such as poverty reduction, education programs, and community policing.
What is an example of a sociological-based crime prevention policy?
Early intervention programs, like Sure Start, which support disadvantaged families to prevent youth crime.
How does Merton’s Strain Theory influence policy?
It suggests reducing social inequality through policies like higher minimum wages and job opportunities.
What is a criticism of using sociological theories in policy?
Long-term social change takes time and does not immediately reduce crime rates.
How does Marxist criminology influence policy?
It highlights how the law protects the wealthy, leading to policies addressing corporate and white-collar crime.
What is an example of a policy inspired by Marxist criminology?
Stricter financial regulations to prevent corporate fraud and tax evasion.
How does Labelling Theory (Becker) influence policy?
It led to diversion programs to prevent young offenders from getting a criminal record.
What is an example of a policy based on Labelling Theory?
Restorative justice programs, where offenders meet victims instead of facing formal punishment.
What is a weakness of Labelling Theory-based policies?
Some criminals may take advantage of lenient punishments, leading to higher reoffending rates
What policies have been influenced by Right Realism?
Zero-tolerance policing, harsher sentencing, and increased surveillance (CCTV).
What is an example of a right-realist policy?
Broken Windows Theory – Enforcing minor laws (e.g., against vandalism) to prevent major crimes.
What is a criticism of right-realist policies?
They do not address the root causes of crime, such as poverty and education.
How does Left Realism influence policy?
It promotes community-based crime prevention, such as improving police-community relations.
What is an example of a Left Realist crime policy?
Neighbourhood policing and youth engagement projects to prevent crime.
What is a criticism of Left Realist policies?
They require significant funding and government support, which is not always available.
Why is it important to use multiple criminological theories in policy development?
Crime is complex, so a mix of biological, psychological, and sociological approaches leads to more effective policies.
What is a common challenge in implementing criminological policies?
Balancing public safety with ethical concerns, such as human rights and rehabilitation.
