4.1 and 4.2

Question 1

Give a definition,approximate age, 3 examples of the location of igneous rock in the UK?

Answer 1

• Gabbro hills in the Isle of Skye, a large intrusion formed about 50 million years ago.
• Lava flow on the Isle of Staffa, formed about 50 million years ago as the Atlantic ocean began to open.
• Pillow Lava in Cornwall, formed on the sea floor almost 450 million years ago.

Question 2

Give definition, approximate age, 3 examples and location in the UK of sedimentary rock?

Answer 2

• Mudstone cliffs on the Yorkshire coast, formed in the sea almost 200 million years ago.
• Limestone cliffs in Derbyshire, once a coral reef in a tropical lagoon around 350 million years ago.
• Chalk cliffs on the Sussex coast, formed from microscopic remains of marine plankton 100 million years ago.

Question 3

Compare metamorphic rock to igneous rock?

Answer 3

A comparison between metamorphic rock and igneous rock that igneous rock is formed from magma or lava cooling and becoming a solid rock. Whereas metamorphic rock is formed from igneous rock by a temperature and pressure change within the Earth.

Question 4

Compare characteristics and formation of granite rock and carboniferous limestone

Answer 4

The carboniferous limestone is made from sea shells and plants deposited on the sea bed about 220-280 million years ago. This is a hard sedimentary rock with cracks and joints. However granite is an igneous rock formed from the cooling of lava, but it is also a very hard rock.

Question 5

Compare the formation and characteristics of chalk and slate?

Answer 5

The difference between chalk and slate is that the chalk is a sedimentary rock where as slate is a metamorphic rock. Chalk is formed form shells and skeletons, deposited in sea water whereas slate is formed mud and stones and then changed by heat and pressure.

Question 6

Explain how volcanoes have shaped the UK uplands

Answer 6

Volcanoes have shaped the UKs landscape, because when they erupted a layer of lava was deposited and cooled to form hard resistant rock. These lavas were extremely thick and covered wide ares of the country. They make very rugged landscapes.

Question 7

Explain how glacial erosion and deposition have shaped the uk uplands?

Answer 7

Glaciation had a large impact on shaping the UK uplands. In wales snowdonia is a large glaciated upland area with features such as arêtes, corries and U shaped valleys.

Question 8

How has sedimentary rock been formed in lowlands?

Answer 8

Sedimentary rocks are formed from sediments that have settled at the bottom of a lake, sea or ocean, and have been compressed over millions of years. The sediment comes from eroded rocks carried there by rivers or ice, and from the skeletons of sea creatures.

Question 9

Glacial deposition shaped the UK lowlands?

Answer 9

The lowland ares have been shaped by deposition rather than because in the last ice age the ice did not cover the whole of the UK the land scape now is generally more rounded than the upland ares.

Question 10

Explain how scarp and vale topography forms in the UK land lowlands.

Answer 10

The scarp is a higher part of the land scape where this appears and the vail is much lower and allows rivers flow onto of it as the rock is impermeable whereas the scarp rock(chalk) is permeable and allows water to pass through it.

Question 11

Compare weathering that is found in upland and lowlands

Answer 11

The weathering in upland areas is freezethaw as it is more effective and breaks down rocks where as in lowlands you would get more of an effective chemical weathering which impacts the ground more as there is better soil.

Question 12

Compare the soil/rock movement processes in the uplands and lowlands.

Answer 12

In the upland areas you would find steeper slopes this the movement of soil and rock is more likely to occur whereas in the lowlands would be less of this as it is on a much lower and flatter surface compared to the uplands.

Question 13

Compare misfit streams and dry valleys

Answer 13

Misfit streams are made once a glacier has melted and the now water has settled on top of the impermeable rock that is there these are found in the upland ares where as dry valleys are permeable rock and therefore when the rock has melted the water is allowed to pass through the rock and leave a dry surface.

Question 14

Explain how glaciers have affected both landscapes.

Answer 14

Glaciers have affected both landscapes especially in the upland areas as the glaciers have completely destroyed the landscapes. They eroded landscapes and carved large U shaped valleys in the upland areas such as Lake district. Also in lowland ares the deposited large rocks such as clay.

Question 15

Explain 2 way humans have affected the Upland landscapes

Answer 15

Humans have affected the upland areas by farming as thy build huts and barriers for designated ares to farm in. Also highland forestry happens in the uplands this creates jobs and wood such as
Timber

Question 16

Explain 2 ways humans have affected the lowland landscape.

Answer 16

Settlement this is where us humans have gone to lowland ares to settle and build homes, community, work, social enjoyment. Humans do this on as the ground is better than in upland areas. Also forestry happens in lowland areas as well this creates jobs and gives more space for homes and industry.

Question 17

Compare which landscape (up/low) have been affected more by humans.

Answer 17

Even though upland landscapes have been affected by humans in ways like farming i think the lowland areas have been impacted more as they have been almost completely taken over by humans because the land is much flatter and easier to live on and also deforestation happens in lowland areas which is used to create space and money.